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Effects of Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency of Facultative Wheat

Auswirkungen von Aussaatterminen und Aussaatmengen auf die Stickstoff- und Wassernutzungseffizienz von Wechselweizen

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Abstract

In this study, effects of different sowing dates and seeding rates on N uptake efficiency (NUE), N translocation efficiency (NTE), agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEg) and water use efficiency for biomass (WUEb) of facultative wheat were investigated. As the average of cropping year, sowing dates and seeding rates, N uptake efficiency (NUE), N translocation efficiency (NTE), agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEg) and water use efficiency for biomass (WUEb) values were respectively obtained as 1.17 kg Nuptake/kg Napplied, 68.5%, 36.9 kg grain/kg Napplied, 31.2 kg grain/kg Nuptake, 5.19 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 18.04 kg ha−1 mm−1.

Nitrogen and water use efficiencies decreased with delayed sowing dates and increased with increasing seeding rates. It is possible to maintain a high wheat yield, nitrogen and water use efficiency by increasing plant density through winter sowing. It was concluded based on present findings that sowing date and seeding rates had significant effects on nitrogen and water use efficiencies and winter sowing should be practiced as not to cause yield losses and high seeding rates (575 seeds m−2) yielded greater nitrogen-water use efficiencies.

Zusammenfassung

In dieser Studie wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Aussaattermine und Aussaatmengen auf die N‑Aufnahmeeffizienz (NUE), die N‑Umsetzungseffizienz (NTE), die agronomische Effizienz (AE), die physiologische Effizienz (PE), die Wassernutzungseffizienz für den Kornertrag (WUEg) und die Wassernutzungseffizienz für die Biomasse (WUEb) von Wechselweizen untersucht. Als Durchschnittswerte für das Anbaujahr, die Aussaattermine und die Aussaatmengen wurden die Werte für die N‑Aufnahmeeffizienz (NUE), die N‑Translokationseffizienz (NTE), die agronomische Effizienz (AE), die physiologische Effizienz (PE), die Wassernutzungseffizienz für den Kornertrag (WUEg) und die Wassernutzungseffizienz für die Biomasse (WUEb) jeweils mit 1,17 kg Nuptake/kg Napplied, 68,5 %, 36,9 kg Korn/kg Napplied, 31,2 kg Korn/kg Nuptake, 5,19 kg ha−1 mm−1 und 18,04 kg ha−1 mm−1 angenommen.

Die Stickstoff- und Wassernutzungseffizienz verringerte sich mit späteren Aussaatterminen und erhöhte sich mit steigenden Aussaatmengen. Es ist möglich, einen hohen Weizenertrag sowie eine hohe Stickstoff- und Wassernutzungseffizienz aufrechtzuerhalten, indem die Pflanzdichte durch Wintersaat erhöht wird. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass Aussaattermin und Aussaatstärke signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Stickstoff- und Wassernutzungseffizienz haben und dass die Winteraussaat praktiziert werden sollte, um Ertragseinbußen zu vermeiden, und dass hohe Aussaatstärken (575 Samen m−2) eine höhere Stickstoff- und Wassernutzungseffizienz bewirken.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Atatürk University for supplying research fields for this study.

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  1. Safiye Cikrikcioglu Vocational School, Dept. of Plant and Animal Production, Kayseri University, Talas-Kayseri, Turkey

    Sancar Bulut

  2. Department of Organic Farming Business Management, School of Applied Sciences Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey

    Özcan Çağlar

  3. Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ali Öztürk

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The original online version of this article was revised: In this article Özcan Çağlar at affiliation “Department of Organic Farming Business Management, School of Applied Sciences Igdir University, Igdir, TURKEY” and Ali Öztürk at affiliation “Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey” were missing from the author list.

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Bulut, S., Çağlar, Ö. & Öztürk, A. Effects of Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates on Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency of Facultative Wheat. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 291–301 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00608-9

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