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Phylogeography of Monochamus galloprovincialis, the European vector of the pinewood nematode

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Abstract

We reconstructed the phylogeography of European populations of Monochamus galloprovincialis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), the European vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. This study investigated the Quaternary history of M. galloprovincialis and tested whether environmental parameters and/or host tree species influenced the genetic structure of M. galloprovincialis populations. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci and a Bayesian analysis were applied to 1098 individuals of M. galloprovincialis from 45 European locations. The continental populations formed five main genetic clusters, typical of postglacial recolonization routes observed for temperate biota associated with pine trees. The distribution of clusters formed boundaries along mountain ranges, indicating a potential role of elevation as a large-scale barrier to dispersal for this species. The correlation between environmental parameters and the distribution of genetic clusters of M. galloprovincialis was investigated using a partial redundancy analysis and showed an effect of precipitation rather than host tree species. From an applied perspective, these results suggest that climatic conditions and elevation may constitute barriers to the dispersal of M. galloprovincialis and the associated PWN.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the co-workers and colleagues of REPHRAME (Development of improved methods for detection, control and eradication of pine wood nematodes in support of EU Plant Health Policy) for making this study possible through their help with M. galloprovincialis sampling. Our thanks go in particular to J. Pajares, E. de Sousa, P. Naves, L. Bonifacio, M. Glavendekic, H. Jactel, G. David, D. Doichev, M. Ben Jaama, T. Schroeder, G. Hoch, M. Dautbasic, N. Lackovic, M. Schroeder, I. Papazova, R. Tomov, T. Manole, V. Kramarets, I. Matsiakh, G. Csoka, A. Hopf, A. Battisti, M. Avci, and A.M. Chappe (ANSES, France). We also wish to thank the County Administrative Board of Gotland for permission to trap beetles in the National Park of Gotska Sandön. We warmly thank M.A. Auger-Rozenberg for useful comments on early versions of this manuscript and Peter Biggins for English editing. This work was funded by the European project REPHRAME KBBE.2010.1.4-09 (FP7 Project, Analysis of the potential of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) to spread, survive and cause pine wilt in European coniferous forests in support of EU plant health policy) and a COST-PERMIT grant (COST-STSM-FP1002-14177). JH was funded by the French Ministry of Research and Education.

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  1. Julien Haran

    Present address: UMR CBGP (INRA, CIRAD, IRD, SupAgro), Montpellier, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UR633 Zoologie Forestière, 45075, Orléans, France

    Julien Haran, Jérôme Rousselet, David Tellez, Alain Roques & Géraldine Roux

  2. Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France

    Julien Haran, David Tellez & Géraldine Roux

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Correspondence to Julien Haran.

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We declare no conflict of interest for the present study, for all the authors. Specimen samples were taken in agreement with local authorities and did not involve endangered or protected species.

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Communicated by C. Stauffer.

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10340_2017_878_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Appendix 1: Map of Monochamus galloprovincialis sampling site distribution (Olivier 1795). Black dots correspond to populations used for partial redundancy analysis (pRDA); white dots correspond to the remaining sampling sites. The green background refers to elevation. (PDF 278 kb)

10340_2017_878_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Appendix 2: Pairwise unbiased F st estimates and significance of differentiation between the 45 populations of Monochamus galloprovincialis analyzed (***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, **: p < 0.05, NS: nonsignificant). Bold values refer to F st estimates above 0.2. (XLSX 26 kb)

10340_2017_878_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Appendix 3: Evolution of Delta-K statistic among an increasing number of clusters (K) obtained through STRUCTURE analysis.The microsatellite dataset of the 45 populations of Monochamus galloprovincialis used in this study will be submitted to a general repository (Dryad). (TIFF 2930 kb)

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Haran, J., Rousselet, J., Tellez, D. et al. Phylogeography of Monochamus galloprovincialis, the European vector of the pinewood nematode. J Pest Sci 91, 247–257 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0878-4

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