Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Diurnal variation in the behaviour of the Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) during the spring stopover in Trøndelag, Norway

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Ornithology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the spring migration, the Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus stops in mid-Norway to refuel before continuing its flight to the Svalbard breeding grounds. While in mid-Norway the geese feed on pasture, stubble and newly sown grain fields. Here, we describe the diurnal variation in goose behaviour at a staging site and assess the extent to which behavioural patterns are attributable to physiological factors (digestibility of the food) and environmental conditions (flock size, type and frequency of disturbance and distance to roost). We found that feeding activity peaked at mid-day, whereas the birds were most alert in the morning and afternoon. The behaviour of Pink-footed Goose also varied with habitat type, disturbance level and distance to roost. The diurnal variation in feeding activity differed from behaviour reported for geese on the wintering grounds, indicating that the birds have different energetic and nutrient demands when at spring staging sites. Seasonal changes in habitat availability as well as density dependence may also affect the birds’ behavioural patterns. A sporadic, unpredictable disturbance reduced the proportion of geese feeding to a greater extent than a predictable, recurrent disturbance, but feeding activity was highest under undisturbed conditions.

Zusammenfassung

Veränderungen im Verhalten von Kurzschnabelgänsen ( Anser brachyrhynchus ) im Tagesverlauf während ihrer Frühlingsrast in Trøndelag, Norwegen

Während des Frühjahrszuges rasten Kurzschnabelgänse in Mittelnorwegen, um vor ihrem Weiterflug in die Brutgebiete in Spitzbergen nochmals Nahrung aufzunehmen. In Mittelnorwegen fressen diese Gänse auf Weideland, Stoppelfeldern und frischer Getreidesaat. Diese Untersuchung beschreibt die tageszeitlichen Veränderungen im Verhalten der Gänse an einem Rastplatz und beurteilt, inwieweit Verhaltensmuster mit physiologischen Faktoren (Verdaubarkeit des Futters) und Umweltbedingungen (Gruppengröße, Art und Häufigkeit von Störungen und Entfernung vom Schlafplatz) in Verbindung gebracht werden können. Die Futteraufnahme hatte ihren Höhepunkt um Mittag, während die Vögel am Morgen und Nachmittag am wachsamsten waren. Das Verhalten der Kurzschnabelgänse unterschied sich auch in Abhängigkeit von Habitat, Ausmaß von Störungen und der Entfernung vom Schlafplatz. Die tageszeitlichen Veränderungen in der Nahrungsaufnahme unterschieden sich von denen, die über Gänse im Winterquartier berichtet wurden, was darauf hindeutet, dass die Vögel während ihrer Frühjahrsrast unterschiedliche energetische und Nährstoff-Anforderungen haben. Auch saisonale Veränderungen in der Habitatverfügbarkeit und Dichteabhängigkeit könnten die Verhaltensmuster der Vögel beeinflussen. Sporadische, unvorhersehbare Störungen verringerten den Anteil an fressenden Gänsen in stärkerem Maße als vorhersagbare, wiederkehrende Störungen, aber die Fraßaktivität war am höchsten unter ungestörten Bedingungen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alerstam T, Lindström Å (1990) Optimal bird migration: the relative importance of time, energy, and safety. In: Gwinner E (ed) Bird migration. Springer, Berlin, pp 331–351

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour 49:227–267

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson D, Burnham KP, Thompson WL (2000) Null hypothesis testing: problems, prevalence and an alternative. J Wildl Manage 64(4):912–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer S, Madsen J, Klaassen M (2006) Intake rate, stochasticity, or onset of spring—what aspects of food availability affect spring migration patterns in pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus? Ardea 94(3):555–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer S, Dinther MV, Høgda K-A, Klaasen M, Madsen J (2008) The consequences of climate-driven stop-over sites changes on migration schedules and fitness of Arctic geese. J Anim Ecol 77:654–660

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crawley M (2007) The R book. Wiley, London

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Demment MW, Soest PJV (1985) A nutritional explanation for body size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. Am Nat 125:641–672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drent R, Both C, Green M, Madsen J, Piersma T (2003) Pay-offs and penalties of competing migratory schedules. Oikos 103:274–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duriez O, Bauer S, Destin A, Madsen J, Nolet BA, Stillman RA, Klaassen M (2009) What decision rules might pink-footed geese use to depart on migration? An individual-based model. Behav Ecol 20:560–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) (2010) ArcGIS 10.0. Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands. Available at: http://www.esri.com

  • Fox AD, Madsen J, Boyd H, Kuijken E, Norriss DW, Tombre IM, Stroud DA (2005) Effects of agricultural change on abundance, fitness components and distribution of two arctic-nesting goose populations. Glob Change Biol 11:881–893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox AD, Cao L, Barter M, Rees E, Hearn R, Cong PH, Wang X, Zhang Y, Dou ST, Shao XF (2008a) The functional use of East Dongting Lake, China, by wintering geese. Wildfowl 58:3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox AD, Hearn RD, Cao L, Cong PH, Wang X, Zhang Y, Dou ST, Shao XF, Barter M, Rees EC (2008b) Preliminary observations of diurnal feeding patterns of Swan Geese Anser cygnoides using two different habitats at Shengjin Lake, Anhui Province, China. Wildfowl 58:20–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedenström A (2008) Adaptations to migration in birds: behavioural strategies, morphology and scaling effects. Phil Trans R Soc B 363:287–299

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inglis I, Lazarus J (1981) Vigilance and flock size in Brent geese: the edge effect. Ethology 57(3–4):193–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Karasov WH (1990) Digestion in birds: chemical and physiological determinants and ecological implications. Stud Avian Biol 13:391–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaassen M, Bauer S, Madsen J, Tombre I (2006) Modelling behavioural and fitness consequences of disturbance for geese along their spring flyway. J Appl Ecol 49:92–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Kvist A, Lindström Å (2000) Maximum daily energy intake: it takes time to lift the metabolic ceiling. Physiol Biochem Zool 73(1):30–36

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ladin Z, Castelli PM, McWilliams SR, Williams CK (2011) Time energy budgets and food use of Atlantic Brant across their wintering range. J Wildl Manage 75(2):273–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen J (1985) Relations between change in spring habitat selection and daily energetics of pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus. Ornis Scand 16:222–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen J (1994) Impacts on disturbance on migratory waterfowl. IBIS 137:S67–S74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madsen J, Hansen F, Kristensen JB, Boyd H (1997) Spring migration strategies and stopover ecology of pink-footed geese. Results of field work in Norway, 1996. NERI technical report no. 204. National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen J, Cracknell G, Fox T (1999) Goose population of the Western Palearctic. Wetlands international publication no. 48. National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark

    Google Scholar 

  • Madsen J, Tombre I, Eide NE (2009) Effects of disturbance on geese in Svalbard: implications for regulating increasing tourism. Polar Res 28:376–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD (1973) Animal nutrition. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen M (1972) Some factors affecting food intake and selection in white-fronted geese. J Anim Ecol 41:79–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prop J, Vulink T (1992) Digestion by barnacle geese in the annual cycle: the interplay between retention time and food quality. Funct Ecol 6(2):180–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prop J, Black JM, Shimmings P (2003) Travel schedules to the high arctic: barnacle geese trade-off the timing of migration with accumulation of fat deposits. Oikos 103:403–414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing, 2.13.1 edn. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Rees E, Bruce JH, White GT (2005) Factors affecting the behavioural responses of whooper swans (Cygnus c. cygnus) to various human activities. Biol Conserv 121:369–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schielzeth H (2010) Simple means to improve the interpretability of regression coefficients. Methods Ecol Evol 1:103–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Therkildsen OR, Madsen J (2000a) Assessment of food intake rates in pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus based on examination of oesophagus contents. Wildl Biol 6(3):167–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Therkildsen OR, Madsen J (2000b) Energetics of feeding on winter wheat versus pasture grasses: a window of opportunity for winter range expansion in the pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus. Wildl Biol 6(2):65–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Tombre IM, Madsen J, Tømmervik H, Haugen K-P, Eythórsson E (2005) Influence of organised scaring on distribution and habitat choice of geese on pastures in Northern Norway. Agric Ecosyst Environ 111:311–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was part of M.C.’s PhD project funded by Aarhus University. The fieldwork was supported by the Norwegian Research Council project MIGRAPOP. We would like to thank Per Ivar Nicolaisen and Flemming Hansen for help during the data collection. We also thank Eileen Rees and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments on the manuscript. All field methods used in this study comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Magda Chudzinska.

Additional information

Communicated by F. Bairlein.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chudzinska, M., Madsen, J. & Nabe-Nielsen, J. Diurnal variation in the behaviour of the Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) during the spring stopover in Trøndelag, Norway. J Ornithol 154, 645–654 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-012-0927-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-012-0927-y

Keywords

Navigation