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Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the biomechanical properties of different material implants for replacing missing teeth

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze the biomechanical properties of implants made of different materials to replace missing teeth by using three-dimensional finite element analysis and provide a theoretic basis for clinical application. CBCT data was imported into the Mimics and 3-Matic to construct the three-dimensional finite element model of a missing tooth restored by an implant. Then, the model was imported into the Marc Mentat. Based on the variations of the implant materials (titanium, titanium–zirconia, zirconia and poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK)) and bone densities (high and low), a total of eight models were created. An axial load of 150 N was applied to the crown of the implant to simulate the actual occlusal situation. Both the maximum values of stresses in the cortical bone and implant were observed in the Zr-low model. The maximum displacements of the implants were also within the normal range except for the PEEK models. The cancellous bone strains were mainly distributed in the apical area of the implant, and the maximum value (3225 μstrain) was found in PEEK-low model. Under the premise of the same implant material, the relevant data from various indices in low-density bone models were larger than that in high-density bone models. From the biomechanical point of view, zirconia, titanium and titanium–zirconia were all acceptable implant materials for replacing missing teeth and possessed excellent mechanical properties, while the application of PEEK material needs to be further optimized and modified.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyses during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Science & Technology Department of Sichuan Province, China (No. 2022YFS0282), Office of Science & Technology and Talent Work of Luzhou, China (NO. 2021-JYJ-67), Southwest Medical University (2021ZKZD007),  and the cooperative project between Xuzhou District People's Government and Southwest Medical University (2021XZXNYD02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China

    Yichen Gao, Xianyi He, Wei Xu, Yuyao Deng, Zhaoxin Xia, Junliang Chen & Yun He

  2. Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China

    Yichen Gao, Xianyi He, Wei Xu, Yuyao Deng, Zhaoxin Xia, Junliang Chen & Yun He

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  1. Yichen Gao
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. YG established the research model, calculated the research indexes of models and was the major contributor in writing the manuscript. XH and WX contributed to analysis and methodology. YD and ZX contributed to validation and formal analysis. JC contributed to data curation and performed the analysis with constructive discussions. YH supervised and revised the manuscript as the corresponding author. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yun He.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University (certificate number, 20220525001) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the adult patient with mandibular first molar loss were obtained, and the patient signed the informed consent and agreed to use the relevant data of imaging examination.

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Gao, Y., He, X., Xu, W. et al. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the biomechanical properties of different material implants for replacing missing teeth. Odontology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-024-00942-0

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