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Equisetum praealtum and E. hyemale have abundant Rubisco with a high catalytic turnover rate and low CO2 affinity

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Abstract

The kinetic properties of Rubisco, a key enzyme for photosynthesis, have been examined in numerous plant species. However, this information on some plant groups, such as ferns, is scarce. This study examined Rubisco carboxylase activity and leaf Rubisco levels in seven ferns, including four Equisetum plants (E. arvense, E. hyemale, E. praealtum, and E. variegatum), considered living fossils. The turnover rates of Rubisco carboxylation (kcatc) in E. praealtum and E. hyemale were comparable to those in the C4 plants maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), whose kcatc values are high. Rubisco CO2 affinity, estimated from the percentage of Rubisco carboxylase activity under CO2 unsaturated conditions in kcatc in these Equisetum plants, was low and also comparable to that in maize and sorghum. In contrast, kcatc and CO2 affinities of Rubisco in other ferns, including E. arvense and E. variegatum were comparable with those in C3 plants. The N allocation to Rubisco in the ferns examined was comparable to that in the C3 plants. These results indicate that E. praealtum and E. hyemale have abundant Rubisco with high kcatc and low CO2 affinity, whereas the carboxylase activity and abundance of Rubisco in other ferns were similar to those in C3 plants. Herein, the Rubisco properties of E. praealtum and E. hyemale were discussed regarding their evolution and physiological implications.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K190590 and 21H02084 to YS and 19H030060 to S-IM) and Research Grant #201705 of Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (Japan).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

    Kana Ito & Naoki Sawaguchi

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

    Sakiko Sugawara, Sota Kageyama & Yuji Suzuki

  3. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Takuro Hyotani & Amane Makino

  4. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan

    Shin-Ichi Miyazawa

  5. Present address: Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Amane Makino

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  1. Kana Ito
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Contributions

YS conceived and designed the experiments. S-IM and AM supported the experimental design. KI, SS, SK, NS, TH, and YS performed the experiments. All the authors analyzed and discussed the data. KI and YS wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yuji Suzuki.

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Ito, K., Sugawara, S., Kageyama, S. et al. Equisetum praealtum and E. hyemale have abundant Rubisco with a high catalytic turnover rate and low CO2 affinity. J Plant Res 137, 255–264 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-023-01514-z

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