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Numerical study of sediment transport on a tidal flat with a patch of vegetation

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Abstract

To understand how vegetation canopies affect sediment transport on tidal flats, a numerical study of tidal flow and sediment transport on an idealized tidal flat with a patch of vegetation is conducted. The numerical model is firstly validated by laboratory measurements of flow and sediment deposition in a partially vegetated open channel. The idealized study shows that a finite patch of vegetation may produce circulation on the tidal flat with converging flow during flood and diverging flow during ebb. The vegetation patch can also generate a tidal phase lag between the vegetated and bare flats. Tidal currents in both zones are asymmetric, with stronger flood current in the vegetated zone and stronger ebb current on the bare flat. The duration of ebb is longer than that of flood. Computed sediment concentration on the bare flat is higher during ebb due to stronger ebb current and larger bottom shear stress. This is in contrast to the tidal flat without a vegetation canopy, where suspended sediment concentration is higher during flood. On the tidal flat without a vegetation canopy, landward net sediment transport occurs on the upper flat, while seaward net sediment transport occurs on the lower flat and subtidal region. On the partially vegetated tidal flat, however, net sediment transport on both the upper and lower flats are in seaward direction. It increases with increasing vegetation density. Alongshore net sediment flux converges inside the canopy and diverges on the bare flat. Sediment exchange rate between the vegetated and bare flats increases with decreasing vegetation density and sediment settling velocity.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof. Mick van der Wegen and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the first draft of the paper. The authors also wish to thank Prof. Nepf for providing the experimental data. Ma acknowledges the financial support of National Science Foundation (OCE-1334641) and Old Dominion University Research Foundation (Multidisciplinary Seed Funding (MSF) Grants No. 545411). Liu and Lou acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation of China (41372240).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

    Gangfeng Ma

  2. Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

    Yun Han, Arash Niroomandi, Sha Lou & Shuguang Liu

  3. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

    Yun Han, Arash Niroomandi, Sha Lou & Shuguang Liu

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  1. Gangfeng Ma
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  2. Yun Han
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  3. Arash Niroomandi
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  4. Sha Lou
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  5. Shuguang Liu
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Correspondence to Gangfeng Ma.

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Responsible Editor: Han Winterwerp

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Ma, G., Han, Y., Niroomandi, A. et al. Numerical study of sediment transport on a tidal flat with a patch of vegetation. Ocean Dynamics 65, 203–222 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0804-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0804-8

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