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Present status and conservation of the markless forms of stream-resident masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou (the so-called ‘iwame’) in Japanese mountain streams

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Abstract

As a markless form of stream-resident masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou), the so-called ‘iwame,’ which can be distinguished from the sympatric normal form of the salmon by their plain body pattern, has been previously reported among seven local populations (A–G) in Japanese mountain streams. In the present study, all populations but B (where any information is entirely missing) were surveyed in a snorkeling survey (detection rate: 34.7%) in 2005 to elucidate the recent conditions of the markless forms. The ratios of the markless forms were 13.0% (9/69), 0.0% (0/364), 5.6% (68/1,205), 0.8% (1/132), 0.0% (0/1,181) and 64.6% (155/240) in A, C, D, E, F and G, respectively. Markless forms might indeed be already extinct in C and F where the stocking of non-native hatchery individuals has been carried out extensively. The same survey was repeated in D in 2009: the markless ratio had significantly decreased to 2.4% (19/783), although the reason for this was unknown. In D, the ratio of the markless form was higher in the mainstream as opposed to the tributaries in both 2005 and 2009, which might imply that the habitat of the markless form differs from that of the normal form.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Y. Harada, T. Ikada, O. Inaba, S. Kan, T. Kawasaki, T. Kikkou, E. Kimura, S. Kimura, J. Kitajima, J. Kitamura, K. Kondou, M. Kuwabara, H. Miwa, M. Mori, S. Mori, K. Okada, T. Okayama, Y. Saito, Y. Sakakura, T. Sato and Y. Tomida for valuable information and support in the field. We also thank Choshi River Fisheries Cooperative Association, Kami-ishidu Local Resource Center, Makita River Fisheries Cooperative Association, Ohsugi-dani Nature School, Omogo Mountain Museum, Omogo-gawa Fisheries Cooperative Association, Ôno-gawa Fisheries Cooperative Association and the So-in Fisheries Cooperative Association for helpful information and photograph permission. This research was partially supported by a Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows, DC2, 2004, 09581 to Y.K.

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  1. Yuichi Kano

    Present address: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioresources, Graduate School of Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiyacho, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan

    Yuichi Kano

  2. West Japan Freshwater Fishes Research Group, 1679 Hara, Kikuchi, Kumamoto, 861-1441, Japan

    Takuya Kondou

  3. The Inabe River Nature Research Group, 1028 Sakamoto, Inabe, Mie, 511-0518, Japan

    Yoshitaka Shimizu

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  1. Yuichi Kano
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  2. Takuya Kondou
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  3. Yoshitaka Shimizu
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Correspondence to Yuichi Kano.

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Kano, Y., Kondou, T. & Shimizu, Y. Present status and conservation of the markless forms of stream-resident masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou (the so-called ‘iwame’) in Japanese mountain streams. Ichthyol Res 57, 78–84 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-009-0130-1

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