Abstract
The freshwater amphipod Crangonyx floridanus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) is considered to have been recently introduced from North America to Japan, and the recorded sites at which it has been collected now cover nearly all of Japan except for the northern part. In this study, we surveyed further areas outside of its known distribution range, and examined the population genetic structure and the phylogenetic relationships between Japanese and North American populations of this species based on nuclear (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial (COI) DNA sequences. We found that this amphipod has already reached Hokkaido, northernmost Japan, which suggests that it has undergone rapid expansion in a pattern of concentric circles from the central part of Japan. Genetic analysis showed that the Japanese population is genetically homogeneous, in contrast to the genetic diversification of this species seen in North American Crangonyx populations. The process of introducing, establishing, and expanding this amphipod in Japan may be explained as follows. A limited number of individuals from a North American native population were probably inadvertently introduced and established somewhere within the Kanto region. The local population size then increased and its distribution range expanded rapidly across Japan.
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Acknowledgments
We acknowledge the valuable suggestions and support of Drs. T. Ito (Eniwa, Hokkaido), H. Kusano (Tama, Kawasaki), S. Ishiwata (Kanagawa Environmental Research Center), T. Tsutsumi (Fukushima University), T. Yoshida (NPO Research Office of Sustainable Riversystems for Natural Cultural Features), K. Miyazaki (Kyoto University) and K. Satake (National Institute for Environmental Studies). We are also indebted to Mr/s. T. Tanizawa, K. Suzuki, K. Miyairi, K. Oka, M. Sueyoshi, T. Kano and M. Mochizuki, Y. Morii (Shinshu University) for their cooperation in the field research. This study was supported by grants from the River Fund (Foundation of River & Watershed Environment) to K.T. and the Research Institute of Marine Invertebrates to K.T.
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Nagakubo, A., Sekiné, K., Tanaka, Y. et al. Rapid expansion of the distributional range and the population genetic structure of the freshwater amphipod Crangonyx floridanus in Japan. Limnology 12, 75–82 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-010-0323-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-010-0323-3