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Genomic Structure and Molecular Characterization of Toll-like Receptors in Black Scraper Thamnaconus Modestus and Their Expression Response to Two Types of Pathogens

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Abstract

The black scraper (Thamnaconus modestus) is an important commercial species in China. However, with the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the culture of this species faces substantial economic losses due to infectious diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in disease resistance by initiating innate immune responses in the host. The genome of the black scraper comprises eight TLR members, which can be classified into five subfamilies based on evolutionary analysis. Moreover, the TmTLRs were identified on 6 out of the 20 chromosomes in the black scraper. The functional similarity within the same subfamilies is evident by conserved motifs and gene structures. The qRT-PCR experiments revealed diverse TmTLR expression patterns in the liver, intestine, spleen, head kidney, heart, and brain of black scrapers, with high expression levels observed in immune organs, suggesting that TmTLRs may participate in the regulation of immune mechanisms and other physiological functions in the black scraper. At least six TmTLRs showed significantly upregulated expression in response to poly (I: C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stresses, thus indicating their potential roles in regulating abiotic stress responses. In conclusion, our findings not only provide a foundation for future research on the TLR gene family in the black scraper but also offer guidance for disease prevention and vaccine development.

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All original data supporting this study are publicly available in the NCBI database and can be accessed via the corresponding IDs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Figdraw (www.figdraw.com) for expert assistance in the pattern drawing.

Funding

This research was funded by the Province Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (2021C02047), the Science Technology Innovation and Industrial Development of Shenzhen Dapeng New District (Grand No.KJYF202001-27) and the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong, Department of Science & Technology of Shandong province, China (2019GHY112073) and Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, YSFRI, CAFS (NO. 20603022022014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fishery College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China

    Fei Han & Na Song

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China

    Yuan Zhang & Geng Qin

  3. Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, Zhejiang, China

    Anle Xu, Xiaoyan Wang & Tianxiang Gao

  4. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China

    Siqing Chen & Li Bian

Authors
  1. Fei Han
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  2. Yuan Zhang
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  3. Anle Xu
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  4. Na Song
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  5. Geng Qin
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  6. Xiaoyan Wang
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  7. Siqing Chen
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  8. Li Bian
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  9. Tianxiang Gao
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Contributions

Fei Han's responsibilities include data processing, submission, papers writing, approaches, and correction. Yuan Zhang's areas of expertise include formal analysis, methodology, and writing—review. Anle Xu's areas of expertise include formal analysis, methodology, and writing—review. Geng Qin's specialties include methodology, validation, funding acquisition, and editing. Xiaoyan Wang's areas of expertise include experiment, writing—review, and software. Siqing Chen's areas of expertise include funding acquisition, writing—review, and formal analysis. Methodology, validation, and formal analysis are all terms used by Li Bian. Na Song's specialties include software, methodology, validation, formal analysis, and editing. Tianxiang Gao's responsibilities include supervision, editing, funding acquisition, and project management.

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Correspondence to Tianxiang Gao.

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This study adhered strictly to the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Ethics Committee of Ocean University of China, with approval granted under Permit Number 20141201. Furthermore, the experimental procedures did not involve the use of any protected animals.

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Han, F., Zhang, Y., Xu, A. et al. Genomic Structure and Molecular Characterization of Toll-like Receptors in Black Scraper Thamnaconus Modestus and Their Expression Response to Two Types of Pathogens. Mar Biotechnol 25, 800–814 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10241-4

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