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Characterization of the biosurfactant production and enzymatic potential of bacteria isolated from an oil-contaminated saline soil

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Abstract

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds with extensive applications in oily contaminated environments to remove hydrocarbons. Moreover, enzymes such as laccase and manganese peroxidase are responsible for the oxidation of a variety of phenolic compounds and aromatic amines. Therefore, in the present study, bacteria with the potential to produce biosurfactants and enzymes (namely, laccase, manganese peroxidase, and endoglucanase carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase)) were isolated from petroleum oil-contaminated soil. From 15 isolated bacteria, three isolates were selected as the best producers of biosurfactants according to the related tests, such as tests for surface tension reduction. These three bacteria indicated tolerance to a salinity test and were classified as resistant and very resistant. The isolates 3, 12, 13, and 14 showed positive results for the degradation of guaiacol, phenol red, and carboxymethylcellulose, as well as the decoloration of methylene blue by the creation of a clear halo around the bacterial colony. Upon the quantitation of the laccase and manganese peroxidase activities, 22.58 U/L and 21.81 U/L, respectively, were measured by isolate 13. Furthermore, CMCase activity was recorded with 0.057436 U/ml belonging to isolate 14. Bacterial strains with appreciable laccase, peroxidase, CMCase activity, and biosurfactant production potentials were identified through 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Bacillus sp. (isolate 3), Bacillus toyonensis (isolate 12), Bacillus cereus (isolate 13), and Bacillus tropicus (isolate 14), and their nucleotide sequences were deposited in the GenBank. The potentials for the industrial applicability of the biosurfactants and enzymes abound, and production needs to be optimized by the selected bacterial strains.

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Abbreviations

ECe:

Electrical conductivity (EC) of a saturated soil paste extract

TPHs:

Total petroleum hydrocarbons

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

MSM:

Minimal salt medium

CFS:

Cell-free supernatant

MnP:

Manganese peroxidase

DNS:

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid

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Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, for the support of this study and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.

Funding

This study was supported by the Iran National Science Foundation, grant no. 99022578.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

    Sara Valizadeh, Habibolah Nadian Ghomsheh & Bijan Khalili Moghadam

  2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Naeimeh Enayatizamir

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hossein Motamedi

  4. Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hossein Motamedi

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  1. Sara Valizadeh
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Lab work: Sara Valizadeh, supervision: Naeimeh Enayatizamir and Habibolah Nadian Ghomsheh, advisors: Hossein Motamedi and Bijan Khalili Moghadam. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Valizadeh, S., Enayatizamir, N., Ghomsheh, H.N. et al. Characterization of the biosurfactant production and enzymatic potential of bacteria isolated from an oil-contaminated saline soil. Int Microbiol 26, 529–542 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-022-00318-w

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