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Clinical and radiographic outcomes of adjunctive photodynamic therapy for treating peri-implantitis among diabetics and cigarette smokers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

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Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been suggested as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for peri-implantitis. This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of adjunctive PDT (aPDT) for the treatment of peri-implantitis among diabetics and cigarette smokers. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which assessed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of aPDT versus other intervention(s) and/or MD alone among diabetics and smokers with peri-implantitis, were considered eligible for the review. Meta-analysis was performed for calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the modified Jadad quality scale. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences between the influence of aPDT and other intervention/MD alone on the peri-implant PI among diabetics at the final follow-up. However, statistically significant improvements in the peri-implant PD, BOP, and CBL were observed after the application of aPDT among diabetics. Similarly, no significant differences were found between the influence of aPDT and other interventions/MD alone on the peri-implant PD among smokers with peri-implant diseases at the final follow-up. However, statistically significant improvements in the peri-implant PI, BOP, and CBL were observed after the application of aPDT among smokers. Significant improvements in the peri-implant PD, BOP, and CBL among diabetics and the peri-implant PI, BOP, and CBL among smokers after the application of aPDT at the final follow-up. However, large-scale, well-designed, and long-term RCTs are recommended in this domain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Khursheed Alam

  2. Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Ali Alqahtani & Ali Robaian

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdullaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Mahmud Uz Zaman

  4. Independent Researcher, Texas, USA

    Bushra Kanwal

  5. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Fahda Alqahtani

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Contributions

All authors participated in designing the protocol. First, all authors participated in the design of the study. M.K.A. and A.A.A. then did the literature search. M.K.A. and A.A.A. selected the studies and extracted the relevant information, then assessed, and confirmed by the senior author, A.A.A. All authors then participated in synthesizing the data. M.K.A., M.U.Z., A.R., and F.A. also wrote the first draft of the paper. M.K.A. provided critical guidance on the analysis and overall direction of the study. All authors critically revised successive drafts of the paper and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Khursheed Alam.

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Alam, M.K., Alqahtani, A.A., Zaman, M.U. et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of adjunctive photodynamic therapy for treating peri-implantitis among diabetics and cigarette smokers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Lasers Med Sci 38, 142 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-023-03807-0

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