Recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in the CO2 conversion to CO and C2+ hydrocarbons

Santos, Magno F.; Alcantara, Murilo L.; Nascimento, Claudio Augusto O.; Bassani, Gabriel S.; Alves, Rita Maria B.

doi:10.1007/s10098-023-02583-3

Recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in the CO₂ conversion to CO and C₂⁺ hydrocarbons

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Published: 29 July 2023

Volume 26, pages 11–29, (2024)
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Abstract

Addressing industrial carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is imperative due to its contribution to global warming. Transitioning toward more sustainable processes, CO₂ conversion technologies hold promise in generating high-value chemicals. Notably, ionic liquids (ILs) have been reported to significantly boost CO₂ conversion to CO and facilitate the production of C₂⁺ hydrocarbons within a single reactor. This study delves into the recent advancements in employing ILs for converting CO₂ into CO or into C₂⁺ hydrocarbons. Performance metrics of various catalysts, both with and without ILs, involved in the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction, are presented. Detailed insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms and thermodynamics are shared. Further, the study elaborates on the experimental procedures adopted for synthesizing IL + metal catalysts, optimally suitable for producing CO or C₂⁺ hydrocarbons. Additionally, we report the latest accomplishments in IL-based electrochemical CO₂ reduction to CO. Despite the limited availability of studies, the use of IL + metal catalysts for CO₂ reduction to CO or C₂⁺ has shown considerable promise. These advancements predominantly involve lowering the operational temperature of the reactor and enabling the production of C₂⁺ hydrocarbons in a single unit. However, this technology is still incipient. There are crucial areas that demand further exploration, such as understanding system kinetics, thermodynamics, and enhancing process modeling and simulation. As such, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges of IL-enhanced CO₂ conversion, propelling future research in this field.

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Ionic Liquids Applied to CO2 Fixation and Conversion

Thermodynamic insights on the influence of ionic liquids on the reverse water–gas shift reaction

Article 24 November 2023

Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Liquid Hydrocarbons Using Cobalt-Bearing Catalysts

Data availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study

Abbreviations

[HMIm][F₄B]:: 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
[HMIm][HySp]:: 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate
[HySp]:: Hydrogensulfate
[F₄B]:: Tetrafluoroborate
[F₃Ac]:: Trifluoroacetate
[AMIm][(F₃MeSu)₂A]:: 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amides
[BMIm][NTf₂]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
[BMIm][( F₃MeS)₂A)]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide
[BMIm][Ac]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
[BMIm][C]:: 1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-2-carboxylate
[BMIm][Cl]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
[BMIm][Cl]*:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
[BMIm][F₃(F₅E)₃P]:: 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluorotris(pentafluoroethyl) phosphate
[BMIm][F₄B]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
[BMIm][F₆P]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
[BMIm][MSu]:: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfonate
[BMMIm][Cl]:: 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride
[BMMIm][Cl]*:: 3-Butyl-1,2-dimethylimidazolium chloride
[BMMIm][F₃MeSu]:: 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate
[DEA][Bu]:: Diethylammonium butanoate
[EMIm][F₄B]:: 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
[EMIm][F₃MeSu]:: 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate
[EMMIm][Ni]:: 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrite
[EMMIm][Ni]:: 1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrite
[HMIm][F₄B]:: 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
[Ru(CO)₃Cl₂]₂ :: Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer
[Xantphos]:: 4,5-Bis(diphenylphosphine)-9,9-dimethylxanthene
AC:: Activated carbon
FTS:: Fisher–Tropsch synthesis
HCPs:: Hypercrosslinked polymers
HCs:: Hydrocarbons
HIPs:: Hypercrosslinked ionic polymers
IL:: Ionic liquids
ILSS:: Ionic liquid-supported synthesis
Im:: Imidazolium
M-NPs:: Metal nanoparticles
RWGS:: Reverse water–gas shift
SILP:: Supported ionic liquid phase
TOF:: Turnover frequency
TRL:: Technology readiness level
WGS:: Water–gas shift
RTIL:: Room temperature ionic liquid
FE:: Faradaic efficiency
HKUST:: Hong Kong university

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge REPSOL Sinopec Brasil for its financial and technical support and ANP (Brazilian National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels) for the strategic importance of its support through the R&D levy regulation. The authors also acknowledge the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (#2021/07155-6) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPQ (#314598/2021-9). This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil—Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Magno F. Santos, Murilo L. Alcantara, Claudio Augusto O. Nascimento & Rita Maria B. Alves
Repsol Sinopec Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Gabriel S. Bassani

Authors

Magno F. Santos
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Murilo L. Alcantara
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Claudio Augusto O. Nascimento
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Gabriel S. Bassani
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Rita Maria B. Alves
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Contributions

MFS contributed to methodology, formal analysis, literature review, investigation, and writing; MLA helped in formal analysis, investigation, literature review, and writing; CAON contributed to supervision and conceptualization; GSB helped in review and resources; R.MBA contributed to conceptualization, resources, supervision, writing, and review.

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Correspondence to Rita Maria B. Alves.

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Santos, M.F., Alcantara, M.L., Nascimento, C.A.O. et al. Recent advances in the use of ionic liquids in the CO₂ conversion to CO and C₂⁺ hydrocarbons. Clean Techn Environ Policy 26, 11–29 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02583-3

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