Abstract
Using gasoline additives is one of the economical approaches to achieving higher engine efficiency and lower pollutant emissions. However, a limited understanding of the actual effects of various additives is one obstacle to replacing outdated additive standards. In this study, the effects of 14 popular additives from the Chinese market on fuel consumption and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were evaluated based on the chassis dynamometer; then, one qualified additive was selected, and the on-road impacts on regulated gaseous and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were investigated using a portable emission measurement system. The results of the dynamometer tests showed that 9 of the 14 additives were beneficial in reducing CO emissions, with eight and seven beneficial for HC and NOx, respectively. Most of the test additives reduced the fuel consumption by 0.9–3.5%, while three additives had significant adverse effects. The on-road tests showed that the qualified additive could not only reduce on-road regulated gaseous emissions but also decrease most of VOC group, with decreases of 81.7% for aromatics, 79.4% for alkanes, 43.7% for halocarbons and 66.3% for alkenes. The vehicle-specific power (VSP) analysis showed that the test additive reductions in CO and HC emissions primarily occurred on highway roads because of the smoother vehicle operation. The results of this study indicated that quite a few additives might deteriorate the fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions, so the standards should be updated and market supervision should be further strengthened.
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Acknowledgements
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808507), the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology (NELMS2018A16), the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0212400) and the Key Specialized Research and Development Program in Henan Province (212102310524). The authors would like to acknowledge Mr. Lei Zu, Mr. Yi Li and Mr. Xiaoyan Liu from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences for their contributions to conducting the emissions tests, and Dr. Shijie Yu of Zhengzhou University for detecting VOCs and introducing the VOCs analyses procedures. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the sponsors.
Funding
Funding was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51808507), the National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology (NELMS2018A16), the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0212400) and the Key Specialized Research and Development Program in Henan Province (212102310524).
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All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. The material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by BJ, MW and RZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BJ, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Jin, B., Wang, M., Zhu, R. et al. Evaluation of additives used in gasoline vehicles in China: fuel economy, regulated gaseous pollutants and volatile organic compounds based on both chassis dynamometer and on-road tests. Clean Techn Environ Policy 23, 1967–1979 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02090-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02090-3