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Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis: an application to the transportation sector in Iskandar Malaysia for 2025

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Abstract

The energy sector has grown significantly over the years, causing an increase in carbon emission that has led to serious global warming problems. Consequently, electric vehicles (EVs) have become a favourable solution in the transportation sector due to their green technology attributes. This paper aims to apply the Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) method to the transportation sector in Iskandar Malaysia. The modified CEPA method is applied by constructing a composite curve for transportation modes and the total carbon emission was plotted in order to study the minimum electricity requirement that needs to be generated to implement the use of EVs. Road and rail transportation were considered in the transport composite curve based on the current policies available and to achieve the new carbon emission target by the year 2025. The alternatives available to reduce carbon emission in Iskandar Malaysia include increasing public transport modal share; fuel switching from petrol and diesel to natural gas and biofuels; and increasing transport efficiency via plug-in hybrid and EVs. Four scenarios were established and evaluated based on economic and environmental aspects. As a result, Scenario 4 which considered all policies available (transport management, fuel switching and fuel efficiency) have showed the most promising fuel mix for future transportation demands. An estimated total amount of 0.25 TJ of electricity is needed for EV implementation with a total estimated cost of RM 1.3 billion. The total carbon emission for this scenario is 1101.96 kt-CO2. This research can benefit the Government, town planners, or policy makers, for preliminary energy planning.

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(Reproduced with permission from Walmsley et al. 2015b)

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia under the Research University Grants (RUG) with Vote Nos. Q.J130000.2546.14H53, Q.J130000.2446.03G61, Q.J130000.2546.19H05 and Q.J130000.2546.12H89.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

    Ahmad Fakrul Ramli, Zarina Ab Muis, Wai Shin Ho, Ahmad Muzammil Idris & Aminullah Mohtar

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  1. Ahmad Fakrul Ramli
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  2. Zarina Ab Muis
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  3. Wai Shin Ho
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  4. Ahmad Muzammil Idris
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  5. Aminullah Mohtar
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Correspondence to Zarina Ab Muis.

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Ramli, A.F., Muis, Z.A., Ho, W.S. et al. Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis: an application to the transportation sector in Iskandar Malaysia for 2025. Clean Techn Environ Policy 21, 1899–1911 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1579-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1579-2

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