Literatur
Task Force of Representatives from the European Resuscitation Council, American Heart Association, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Australian Resuscitation Council (1991) Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the ‚Utstein style’. Resuscitation 22: 1–26
Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D (1997) The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology on Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity Statistics in Europe. Eur Heart J 18: 1231–1248
Cobb LA, Fahrenbruch CE, Olsufka M, Copass MK (2002) Changing incidence of out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation, 1980–2000. JAMA 288: 3008–3013
Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Sinibaldi G, White RD (2004) Incidence of EMS-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the United States. Resuscitation 63: 17–24
Vaillancourt C, Stiell IG (2004) Cardiac arrest care and emergency medical services in Canada. Can J Cardiol 20: 1081–1090
Waalewijn RA, de Vos R, Koster RW (1998) Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Amsterdam and its surrounding areas: results from the Amsterdam resuscitation study (ARREST) in ‚Utstein‘ style. Resuscitation 38: 157–167
Cummins R, Thies W (1991) Automated external defibrillators and the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Program: a new initiative from the American Heart Association. Am J Emerg Med 9: 91–93
Waalewijn RA, Nijpels MA, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2002) Prevention of deterioration of ventricular fibrillation by basic life support during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 54: 31–36
Page S, Meerabeau L (2000) Achieving change through reflective practice: closing the loop. Nurse Educ Today 20: 365–372
Larsen MP, Eisenberg MS, Cummins RO, Hallstrom AP (1993) Predicting survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a graphic model. Ann Emerg Med 22: 1652–1258
Cummins RO, Ornato JP, Thies WH, Pepe PE (1991) Improving survival from sudden cardiac arrest: the „chain of survival“ concept. A statement for health professionals from the Advanced Cardiac Life Support Subcommittee and the Emergency Cardiac Care Committee, American Heart Association. Circulation 83: 1832–1847
Calle PA, Lagaert L, Vanhaute O, Buylaert WA (1997) Do victims of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest benefit from a training program for emergency medical dispatchers? Resuscitation 35: 213–218
Curka PA, Pepe PE, Ginger VF, Sherrard RC, Ivy MV, Zachariah BS (1993) Emergency medical services priority dispatch. Ann Emerg Med 22: 1688–1695
Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Cretin S, Spaite DW, Larsen MP (1997) Estimating effectiveness of cardiac arrest interventions: a logistic regression survival model. Circulation 96: 3308–3313
Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J (2001) Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Eur Heart J 22: 511–519
Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J, Gardelov B (1998) Survival after cardiac arrest outside hospital in Sweden. Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry. Resuscitation 36: 29–36
Waalewijn RA, De Vos R, Tijssen JGP, Koster RW (2001) Survival models for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation from the perspectives of the bystander, the first responder, and the paramedic. Resuscitation 51: 113–122
Weaver WD, Hill D, Fahrenbruch CE et al. (1988) Use of the automatic external defibrillator in the management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 319: 661–666
Auble TE, Menegazzi JJ, Paris PM (1995) Effect of out-of-hospital defibrillation by basic life support providers on cardiac arrest mortality: a metaanalysis. Ann Emerg Med 25: 642–658
Stiell IG, Wells GA, DeMaio VJ et al. (1999) Modifiable factors associated with improved cardiac arrest survival in a multicenter basic life support/defibrillation system: OPALS Study Phase I results. Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support. Ann Emerg Med 33: 44–50
Stiell IG, Wells GA, Field BJ et al. (1999) Improved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival through the inexpensive optimization of an existing defibrillation program: OPALS study phase II. Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support. JAMA 281: 1175–1181
Caffrey S (2002) Feasibility of public access to defibrillation. Curr Opin Crit Care 8: 195–198
O’Rourke MF, Donaldson E, Geddes JS (1997) An airline cardiac arrest program. Circulation 96: 2849–2853
Page RL, Hamdan MH, McKenas DK (1998) Defibrillation aboard a commercial aircraft. Circulation 97: 1429–1430
Valenzuela TD, Roe DJ, Nichol G, Clark LL, Spaite DW, Hardman RG (2000) Outcomes of rapid defibrillation by security officers after cardiac arrest in casinos. N Engl J Med 343: 1206–1209
Langhelle A, Nolan JP, Herlitz J et al. (2005) Recommended guidelines for reviewing, reporting, and conducting research on post-resuscitation care: the Utstein style. Resuscitation 66: 271–283
van Alem AP, Vrenken RH, de Vos R, Tijssen JG, Koster RW (2003) Use of automated external defibrillator by first responders in out of hospital cardiac arrest: prospective controlled trial. BMJ 327: 1312–1317
Cobb LA, Fahrenbruch CE, Walsh TR et al. (1999) Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to defibrillation in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. JAMA 281: 1182–1188
Wik L, Myklebust H, Auestad BH, Steen PA (2002) Retention of basic life support skills 6 months after training with an automated voice advisory manikin system without instructor involvement. Resuscitation 52: 273–279
White RD, Russell JK (2002) Refibrillation, resuscitation and survival in out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest victims treated with biphasic automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 55: 17–23
Kerber RE, Becker LB, Bourland JD et al. (1997) Automatic external defibrillators for public access defibrillation: recommendations for specifying and reporting arrhythmia analysis algorithm performance, incorporating new waveforms, and enhancing safety. A statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association Task Force on Automatic External Defibrillation, Subcommittee on AED Safety and Efficacy. Circulation 95: 1677–1682
Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz J (2000) Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation 47: 59–70
Heilman KM, Muschenheim C (1965) Primary cutaneous tuberculosis resulting from mouth-to-mouth respiration. N Engl J Med 273: 1035–1036
Christian MD, Loutfy M, McDonald LC et al. (2004) Possible SARS coronavirus transmission during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 287–293
Cydulka RK, Connor PJ, Myers TF, Pavza G, Parker M (1991) Prevention of oral bacterial flora transmission by using mouth-to-mask ventilation during CPR. J Emerg Med 9: 317–321
Blenkharn JI, Buckingham SE, Zideman DA (1990) Prevention of transmission of infection during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Resuscitation 19: 151–157
Aprahamian C, Thompson BM, Finger WA, Darin JC (1984) Experimental cervical spine injury model: evaluation of airway management and splinting techniques. Ann Emerg Med 13: 584–587
Bahr J, Klingler H, Panzer W, Rode H, Kettler D (1997) Skills of lay people in checking the carotid pulse. Resuscitation 35: 23–26
Ruppert M, Reith MW, Widmann JH et al. (1999) Checking for breathing: evaluation of the diagnostic capability of emergency medical services personnel, physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons. Ann Emerg Med 34: 720–729
Perkins GD, Stephenson B, Hulme J, Monsieurs KG (2005) Birmingham assessment of breathing study (BABS). Resuscitation 64: 109–113
Domeier RM, Evans RW, Swor RA, Rivera-Rivera EJ, Frederiksen SM (1997) Prospective validation of out-of-hospital spinal clearance criteria: a preliminary report. Acad Emerg Med 4: 643–646
Hauff SR, Rea TD, Culley LL, Kerry F, Becker L, Eisenberg MS (2003) Factors impeding dispatcher-assisted telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Ann Emerg Med 42: 731–737
Clark JJ, Larsen MP, Culley LL, Graves JR, Eisenberg MS (1992) Incidence of agonal respirations in sudden cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 21: 1464–1467
Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Berg RA, Sanders AB, Ewy GA (2002) Importance of continuous chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: improved outcome during a simulated single lay-rescuer scenario. Circulation 105: 645–649
Handley JA, Handley AJ (1998) Four-step CPR — improving skill retention. Resuscitation 36: 3–8
Ornato JP, Hallagan LF, McMahan SB, Peeples EH, Rostafinski AG (1990) Attitudes of BCLS instructors about mouth-to-mouth resuscitation during the AIDS epidemic. Ann Emerg Med 19: 151–156
Brenner BE, Van DC, Cheng D, Lazar EJ (1997) Determinants of reluctance to perform CPR among residents and applicants: the impact of experience on helping behavior. Resuscitation 35: 203–211
Hew P, Brenner B, Kaufman J (1997) Reluctance of paramedics and emergency medical technicians to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. J Emerg Med 15: 279–284
Baskett P, Nolan J, Parr M (1996) Tidal volumes which are perceived to be adequate for resuscitation. Resuscitation 31: 231–234
Aufderheide TP, Sigurdsson G, Pirrallo RG et al. (2004) Hyperventilation-induced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 109: 1960–1965
Wenzel V, Idris AH, Banner MJ, Kubilis PS, Williams JLJ (1998) Influence of tidal volume on the distribution of gas between the lungs and stomach in the nonintubated patient receiving positive-pressure ventilation. Crit Care Med 26: 364–368
Idris A, Gabrielli A, Caruso L (1999) Smaller tidal volume is safe and effective for bag-valve-ventilation, but not for mouth-to-mouth ventilation: an animal model for basic life support. Circulation 100(Suppl 1): 1–644
Idris A, Wenzel V, Banner MJ, Melker RJ (1995) Smaller tidal volumes minimize gastric inflation during CPR with an unprotected airway. Circulation 92(Suppl): 1–759
Dorph E, Wik L, Steen PA (2004) Arterial blood gases with 700 ml tidal volumes during out-of-hospital CPR. Resuscitation 61: 23–27
Winkler M, Mauritz W, Hackl W et al. (1998) Effects of half the tidal volume during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on acid-base balance and haemodynamics in pigs. Eur J Emerg Med 5: 201–206
Eftestol T, Sunde K, Steen PA (2002) Effects of interrupting precordial compressions on the calculated probability of defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 105: 2270–2273
Ruben H (1964) The immediate treatment of respiratory failure. Br J Anaesth 36: 542–549
Elam JO (1977) Bag-valve-mask O2 ventilation. In: Safar P, Elam JO (eds) Advances in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: The Wolf Creek Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 73–79
Dailey RH (1992) The airway: emergency management. Mosby Year Book, St. Louis
Paradis NA, Martin GB, Goetting MG et al. (1989) Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Insights into mechanisms. Circulation 80: 361–368
Wik L, Hansen TB, Fylling F et al. (2003) Delaying defibrillation to give basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation to patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation: a randomized trial. JAMA 289: 1389–1395
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (2005) International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 67: 157–341
Handley AJ (2002) Teaching hand placement for chest compression — a simpler technique. Resuscitation 53: 29–36
Yu T, Weil MH, Tang W et al. (2002) Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation. Circulation 106: 368–172
Swenson RD, Weaver WD, Niskanen RA, Martin J, Dahlberg S (1988) Hemodynamics in humans during conventional and experimental methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 78: 630–639
Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA (1992) A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions. Arch Intern Med 152: 145–149
Abella BS, Alvarado JP, Myklebust H et al. (2005) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 293: 305–310
Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H et al. (2005) Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 293: 299–304
Aufderheide TP, Pirrallo RG, Yannopoulos D et al. (2005) Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by EMS personnel and assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques. Resuscitation 64: 353–362
Yannopoulos D, McKnite S, Aufderheide TP et al. (2005) Effects of incomplete chest wall decompression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 64: 363–372
Ochoa FJ, Ramalle-Gomara E, Carpintero JM, Garcia A, Saralegui I (1998) Competence of health professionals to check the carotid pulse. Resuscitation 37: 173–175
Handley AJ, Monsieurs KG, Bossaert LL (2001) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2000 for Adult Basic Life Support. A statement from the Basic Life Support and Automated External Defibrillation Working Group and approved by the Executive Committee of the European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation 48: 199–205
Sanders AB, Kern KB, Berg RA, Hilwig RW, Heidenrich J, Ewy GA (2002) Survival and neurologic outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with four different chest compression-ventilation ratios. Ann Emerg Med 40: 553–562
Dorph E, Wik L, Stromme TA, Eriksen M, Steen PA (2003) Quality of CPR with three different ventilation: compression ratios. Resuscitation 58: 193–201
Dorph E, Wik L, Stromme TA, Eriksen M, Steen PA (2004) Oxygen delivery and return of spontaneous circulation with ventilation: compression ratio 2: 30 versus chest compressions only CPR in pigs. Resuscitation 60: 309–318
Babbs CF, Kern KB (2002) Optimum compression to ventilation ratios in CPR under realistic, practical conditions: a physiological and mathematical analysis. Resuscitation 54: 147–157
Fenici P, Idris AH, Lurie KG, Ursella S, Gabrielli A (2005) What is the optimal chest compression-ventilation ratio? Curr Opin Crit Care 11: 204–211
Aufderheide TP, Lurie KG (2004) Death by hyperventilation: a common and life-threatening problem during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 32: 345–351
Chandra NC, Gruben KG, Tsitlik JE et al. (1994) Observations of ventilation during resuscitation in a canine model. Circulation 90: 3070–3175
Becker LB, Berg RA, Pepe PE et al. (1997) A reappraisal of mouth-to-mouth ventilation during bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Ventilation Working Group of the Basic Life Support and Pediatric Life Support Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Resuscitation 35: 189–201
Berg RA, Kern KB, Hilwig RW et al. (1997) Assisted ventilation does not improve outcome in a porcine model of single-rescuer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 95: 1635–1641
Berg RA, Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Ewy GA (1997) Assisted ventilation during ‚bystander‘ CPR in a swine acute myocardial infarction model does not improve outcome. Circulation 96: 4364–4371
Handley AJ, Handley JA (2004) Performing chest compressions in a confined space. Resuscitation 61: 55–61
Perkins GD, Stephenson BT, Smith CM, Gao F (2004) A comparison between over-the-head and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 61: 155–161
Turner S, Turner I, Chapman D et al. (1998) A comparative study of the 1992 and 1997 recovery positions for use in the UK. Resuscitation 39: 153–160
Handley AJ (1993) Recovery position. Resuscitation 26: 93–95
Anonymous (2000) Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care — An international consensus on science. Resuscitation 46: 1–447
Fingerhut LA, Cox CS, Warner M (1998) International comparative analysis of injury mortality. Findings from the ICE on injury statistics. International Collaborative Effort on Injury Statistics. Adv Data 12: 1–20
Industry DoTa (1998) Choking. In: Home and leisure accident report. Department of Trade and Industry, London, pp 13–4
Industry DoTa (1999) Choking risks to children. Department of Trade and Industry, London
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (2005) Adult Basic Life Support, Part 2: 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 112(Suppl 1): 5–16
Redding JS (1979) The choking controversy: critique of evidence on the Heimlich maneuver. Crit Care Med 7: 475–479
Langhelle A, Sunde K, Wik L, Steen PA (2000) Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction. Resuscitation 44: 105–108
Guildner CW, Williams D, Subitch T (1976) Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver. JACEP 5: 675–677
Ruben H, Macnaughton FI (1978) The treatment of food-choking. Practitioner 221: 725–729
Hartrey R, Bingham RM (1995) Pharyngeal trauma as a result of blind finger sweeps in the choking child. J Accid Emerg Med 12: 52–54
Elam JO, Ruben AM, Greene DG (1960) Resuscitation of drowning victims. JAMA 174: 13–16
Ruben HM, Elam JO, Ruben AM, Greene DG (1961) Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation: studies of pharyngeal x-rays and performance by laymen. Anesthesiology 22: 271–279
Kabbani M, Goodwin SR (1995) Traumatic epiglottis following blind finger sweep to remove a pharyngeal foreign body. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 34: 495–497
Eftestol T, Wik L, Sunde K, Steen PA (2004) Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on predictors of ventricular fibrillation defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 110: 10–15
Jacobs IG, Finn JC, Oxer HF, Jelinek GA (2005) CPR before defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a randomized trial. Emerg Med Australas 17: 39–45
Monsieurs KG, Vogels C, Bossaert LL, Meert P, Calle PA (2005) A study comparing the usability of fully automatic versus semi-automatic defibrillation by untrained nursing students. Resuscitation 64: 41–47
The Public Access Defibrillation Trial Investigators (2004) Public-access defibrillation and survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 351: 637–646
Priori SBL, Chamberlain D, Napolitano C et al. (2004) Policy Statement: ESC-ERC recommendations for the use of AEDs in Europe. Europ Heart J 25: 437–445
Priori SG, Bossaert LL, Chamberlain DA et al. (2004) Policy statement: ESC-ERC recommendations for the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in Europe. Resuscitation 60: 245–252
White RD, Bunch TJ, Hankins DG (2005) Evolution of a community-wide early defibrillation programme experience over 13 years using police/fire personnel and paramedics as responders. Resuscitation 65: 279–283
Mosesso VN J, Davis EA, Auble TE, Paris PM, Yealy DM (1998) Use of automated external defibrillators by police officers for treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 32: 200–207
Weisfeldt M, L Becker (2002) Resuscitation after cardiac arrest. A 3-phase time-sensitive model. JAMA 288: 3035–3038
Groh WJ, Newman MM, Beal PE, Fineberg NS, Zipes DP (2001) Limited response to cardiac arrest by police equipped with automated external defibrillators: lack of survival benefit in suburban and rural Indiana--the police as responder automated defibrillation evaluation (PARADE). Acad Emerg Med 8: 324–330
Sayre M, Evans J, White L, Brennan T (2005) Providing automated external defibrillators to urban police officers in addition to fire department rapid defibrillation program is not effective. Resuscitation 67: 7–23
Nichol G, Hallstrom AP, Ornato JP et al. (1998) Potential cost-effectiveness of public access defibrillation in the United States. Circulation 97: 1315–1320
Nichol G, Valenzuela T, Roe D, Clark L, Huszti E, Wells GA (2003) Cost effectiveness of defibrillation by targeted responders in public settings. Circulation 108: 697–703
Becker L, Eisenberg M, Fahrenbruch C, Cobb L (1998) Public locations of cardiac arrest: implications for public access defibrillation. Circulation 97: 2106–2109
Becker DE (1988) Assessment and management of cardiovascular urgencies and emergencies: cognitive and technical considerations. Anesth Progr 35: 212–217
Interessenkonflikt:
Es besteht kein Interessenkonflikt. Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindungen mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt ist, oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen. Die Präsentation des Themas ist unabhängig und die Darstellung der Inhalte produktneutral.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Handley, A.J., Koster, R., Monsieurs, K. et al. Lebensrettende Basismaßnahmen für Erwachsene und Verwendung automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren. Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 9, 10–25 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-006-0792-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10049-006-0792-4