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Ecosystem-Scale Oxygen Manipulations Alter Terminal Electron Acceptor Pathways in a Eutrophic Reservoir

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Abstract

Lakes and reservoirs globally are experiencing unprecedented changes in land use and climate, depleting dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bottom waters (hypolimnia) of these ecosystems. Because DO is the most energetically favorable terminal electron acceptor (TEA) for organic carbon mineralization, its availability controls the onset of alternate TEA pathways (for example, denitrification, manganese reduction, iron reduction, sulfate reduction, methanogenesis). Low DO concentrations can trigger organic carbon mineralization via alternate TEA pathways in the water column and sediments, which has important implications for greenhouse gas production [carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4)]. In this study, we experimentally injected supersaturated DO into the hypolimnion of a eutrophic reservoir and measured concentrations of TEAs and terminal electron products (TEPs) in the experimental reservoir and an upstream reference reservoir. We calculated the electron equivalents yielded from each TEA pathway and estimated the contributions of each TEA pathway to organic carbon processing in both reservoirs. DO additions to the hypolimnion of the experimental reservoir promoted aerobic respiration, suppressing most alternate TEA pathways and resulting in elevated CO2 accumulation. In comparison, organic carbon mineralization in the reference reservoir’s anoxic hypolimnion was dominated by alternate TEA pathways, resulting in both CH4 and CO2 accumulation. Our ecosystem-scale experiments demonstrate that the alternate TEA pathways that succeed aerobic respiration in lakes and reservoirs can be manipulated at the ecosystem scale. Moreover, changes in the DO dynamics of freshwater lakes and reservoirs may result in concomitant changes in the redox reactions in the water column that control organic carbon mineralization and greenhouse gas accumulation.

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Data Availability

All datasets analyzed in this manuscript are cited therein and available in the Environmental Data Initiative (EDI) repository. The DOIs for the datasets are: https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/6a382debfb76aa74a56232ec87aabccd, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/8f19c5d19d816857e55077ba20570265, https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/8f19c5d19d816857e55077ba20570265https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/e9b8ee83bc7fad6dcdf439a41ad80a3c, and https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/13c628ee3dc68d709c3a56cb61b9c747h.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the WVWA for access to field sites and their long-term support of our work. We thank Bobbie Neiderlehner for her crucial help in the analytical chemistry laboratory and the Reservoir Group laboratory members who provided useful feedback in summer 2016, particularly Jonathan Doubek, Zachary Munger, Charlotte Harrell, and Kylie Campbell. Paul Hanson, Erin Hotchkiss, members of the Carey Lab, and GLEON colleagues provided helpful feedback throughout the development of the manuscript. This work was financially supported by NSF DEB-1753639, CNS-1737424, and DBI-1933016. Supporting figures and text for the manuscript can be found in the Supporting Information.

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Author notes

  1. Author contributions CCC conceived the original research project. RPM and CCC worked closely together to develop the original research ideas addressed in this paper. RPM and MES led the overall synthesis and interpretation of the data and writing with many contributions from CCC. RPM, MEL, SC, and KMK collected field data, and RPM, SC, MEL, KMK, and CCC compiled and analyzed data. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA

    Ryan P. McClure, Mary E. Lofton & Cayelan C. Carey

  2. Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA

    Madeline E. Schreiber & Kathryn M. Krueger

  3. UNSW Water Research Laboratory, UNSW Sydney, 110 King St, Manly Vale, New South Wales, 2093, Australia

    Shengyang Chen

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  1. Ryan P. McClure
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Correspondence to Ryan P. McClure.

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McClure, R.P., Schreiber, M.E., Lofton, M.E. et al. Ecosystem-Scale Oxygen Manipulations Alter Terminal Electron Acceptor Pathways in a Eutrophic Reservoir. Ecosystems 24, 1281–1298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-020-00582-9

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