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Electrochemical characteristics of Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal approach for supercapacitor applications

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Abstract

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4), a transition metal oxide known for its favourable capacitive properties and surface characteristics, is a promising candidate for electrode materials in supercapacitive energy storage applications. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesized through the hydrothermal method at varying synthesis temperatures, focusing on their structural, optical, electrochemical, and surface properties. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the cubic spinel structure of Co3O4, while Raman spectroscopy verified the phase composition of the nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy offered insights into the near-surface chemistry of the synthesized material. The study determined two direct bandgaps of Co3O4 through absorption spectra and Tauc plots. To assess surface morphology and particle size distribution, field-emitting scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Electrochemical investigations involved cyclic voltammetry and Nyquist plots, while galvanostatic charge–discharge tests demonstrated a specific capacitance (\({C}_{sp}\)) of 450 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. Impedance analysis indicated favourable capacitive behaviour with low charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, the study observed cyclic stability with a capacitive retention rate exceeding 88% at a current density of 20 Ag−1 over 10,000 cycles. The paper also discusses the capacitive and diffusion-controlled charge storage mechanisms at lower scan rates, emphasizing the potential of Co3O4 nanoparticles as the electrode material in the development of supercapacitor devices.

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Acknowledgements

The research done was supported by the Centre for Advanced Research (CARD), Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka.

Funding

The authors would like to thank Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore for the internal project under the Seed Money Scheme (SMSS-2218).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Christ (Deemed to Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India

    Chrisma Rose Babu, A. V. Avani & E. I. Anila

  2. Autonomous University of Nuevo León, 66451, San Nicolas de los Garza, Mexico

    S. Shaji

Authors
  1. Chrisma Rose Babu
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  2. A. V. Avani
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  3. S. Shaji
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  4. E. I. Anila
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Contributions

CRB: conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing—original draft. AVA: review and editing. SS: analysing and reviewing. EIA: supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to E. I. Anila.

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Babu, C.R., Avani, A.V., Shaji, S. et al. Electrochemical characteristics of Co3O4 nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal approach for supercapacitor applications. J Solid State Electrochem (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05744-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05744-y

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