Abstract
The electrocatalytic activity of a Prussian blue (PB) film on the aluminum electrode by taking advantage of the metallic palladium characteristic as an electron-transfer bridge (PB/Pd–Al) for electrooxidation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis (hydroxyl–methyl) pyridine (pyridoxine) is described. The catalytic activity of PB was explored in terms of FeIII [FeIII (CN)6]/FeIII [FeII (CN)6]1− system. The best mediated oxidation of pyridoxine (PN) on the PB/Pd–Al-modified electrode was achieved in 0.5 M KNO3 + 0.2 M potassium acetate of pH 6 at scan rate of 20 mV s−1. The mechanism and kinetics of the catalytic oxidation reaction of PN were monitored by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results were explained using the theory of electrocatalytic reactions at chemically modified electrodes. The charge transfer-rate limiting reaction step is found to be a one-electron abstraction, whereas a two-electron charge transfer reaction is the overall oxidation reaction of PN by forming pyridoxal. The value of α, k, and D are 0.5, 1.2 × 102 M−1 s−1, and 1.4 × 10−5 cm2 s−1, respectively. Further examination of the modified electrodes shows that the modifying layers (PB) on the Pd–Al substrate have reproducible behavior and a high level of stability after posing it in the electrolyte or Pyridoxine solutions for a long time.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Melentyeva G, Antonova L (1988) Pharmaceutical chemistry. Mir Publishers, Moscow, pp 375–393
Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ (1989) Clinical chemistry. Mosby, St. Louis, p 555
Natori Y, Oka T (1997) Nutr Res 17:1199
Gorzalka BB, Moe IV (1994) Nutr Res 14:279
Tryfiates GP, Gannett MP, Peter M, Arbogast JG (1996) Cancer Res 56:3670
Salhany JM, Steven M (1996) AIDS Patient Care STDs 10:353
Söderhjelm P, Lindquist J (1975) Analyst 100:349
Hernandez SR, Ribero GG, Goicoechea HC (2003) Talanta 61:743
Uslu B, Demircigil BT, Ozkan SA, Senturk Z, Aboul-Enein HY (2001) Pharmazie 56:938
Santander P, Nunez-Vergara LJ, Sturm JC, Squella JA (2001) Bol Soc Chil Quim 46:131
Siddiqui I, Pitre KS (2001) J Pharm Biomed Anal 26:1009
Chen G, Ding X, Cao Z, Ye J (2000) Anal Chim Acta 408:249
Teixeira MFS, Marino G, Dockal ER, Cavalheiro ETG (2004) Anal Chim Acta 508:79
Ellis D, Eckhoff M, Neff VD (1981) J Phys Chem 85:122
Monk PMS, Mortimer RJ, Rosseinsky DR (1995) Electrochromism, fundamental and applications. VCH, Weinheim
Ghomathi H, Upadhyay DN, Rao GP (1993) Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 30:161
Itaya K, Shoji N, Uchida I (1984) J Am Chem Soc 106:3423
Lin MS, Jan BI (1997) Electroanalysis 9:340
Gatjonyte R, Mlinauskas A (1998) Sens Actuators B 46:236
Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Gorton L (1998) J Electroanal Chem 456:97
Karyakin AA, Gitelmacher OV, Karyakina EE (1995) Anal Chem 67:2419
Karyakin AA, Gitelmacher OV, Karyakina EE (1994) Anal Lett 27:2861
Chi Q, Dong S (1995) Anal Chim Acta 310:429
Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Gorton L (1996) Talanta 43:1597
Jaffari SA, Turner APF (1997) Biosens Bioelectron 12:1
Deng Q, Li B, Dong S (1998) Analyst 123:1995
Zhang X, Wang J, B Ogorevc B, Spichiger US (1999) Electroanalysis 11:945
Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE (1999) Sens Actuators B 572:68
Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE, Gorton L (2000) Anal Chem 72:1720
Hou W, Wang E (1992) Anal Chim Acta 257:257
Lu W, Wallace GG, Karyakin AA (1998) Electroanalysis 10:472
Narayanan SS, Scholz F (1999) Electroanalysis 11:465
Itaya K, Akahoshi H, Toshima S (1982) J Electrochem Soc 129:1498
Garjonyte R, Mlinauskas A (1999) Sens Actuators B 56:93
Koncki R, Wolfbeis OS (1999) Biosens Bioelectron 14:87
Karyakin AA, Chaplin MF (1994) J Electroanal Chem 370:301
Boyer A, Kalcher K, Pietsch R (1990) Electroanalysis 2:155
Weissenbacher M, Kalcher K, Greschonig H, Ng W, Chan WH, Voulgaropoulos A (1992) Fresenius J Anal Chem 344:87
Zakharchuck NF, Meyer B, Hennig H, Scholz F, Jaworski A, Stojek Z (1995) J Electroanal Chem 398:23
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Razmi-Nerbin H (1998) J Electroanal Chem 456:83
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Razmi-Nerbin H (2001) Electroanalysis 13:465
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Sabzi R (2002) J Solid State Electrochem 6:553
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Dastangoo H (2002) J Electroanal Chem 523:26
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Dastangoo H (2003) Electrochim Acta 48:1797
Pournaghi-Azar MH, Dastangoo H (2004) J Electroanal Chem 573:355
Bard AJ, Faulkner IR (2001) Electrochemical methods, fundamentals and applications. Wiley, New York
Andrieux CP, Saveant IM (1978) J Electroanal Chem 93:163
Galus Z (1976) Fundamentals of electrochemical analysis. Ellis Horwood, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pournaghi-Azar, M.H., Dastangoo, H. & Ziaei, M. Electrocatalytic oxidation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on aluminum electrode modified by metallic palladium particles/iron (III) hexacyanoferrate (II) film. J Solid State Electrochem 11, 1221–1227 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0273-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-007-0273-9