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Antineoplastic therapy in childhood cancer patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal tissues: a cohort study

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Abstract

Objectives

To investigate the effect of antineoplastic therapy (AT) in the periodontal tissues of childhood cancer (CC) patients.

Materials and methods

Seventy-two individuals were divided into CC (n=36) and healthy individuals (control group—CG, n=36). Demographics, hygiene habits, CC type, and AT were collected. Salivary flow and the presence and concentration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were analyzed. Clinical evaluation included plaque (PI) and gingival indexes (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Patients were classified into periodontal health, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Descriptive statistics, T test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and two-way analysis of variance were used (p<0.05).

Results

The mean age of the patients was similar (CC 12.0±3.9 years and CG 12.0±4.0 years). In the CC group, all patients underwent chemotherapy and nine radiotherapy. Color/race, income, and family education showed significant differences between groups. There was no difference between groups in salivary flow. Higher levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum were seen in CC (p=0.02). Significant difference between groups was found for PI (CC: 30.5%, CG: 22.6%), GI (CC: 28.8%, CG: 17.3%), PPD (CC: 1.77 mm, CG: 1.61 mm), and CAL (CC: 1.77 mm, CG: 1.57 mm), periodontal health (CC: 3, CG: 7), gingivitis (CC: 16, CG: 24), or periodontitis (CC: 17, CG: 5).

Conclusion

AT in CC patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal and microbiological parameters.

Clinical relevance

Childhood cancer individuals showed worse periodontal parameters and higher levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the saliva when compared to healthy individuals.

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Data availability

Data generated by the analysis of the primary data from this study are included in this published article. All data and materials are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Mandacaru, 1550, Campus Universitário, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Bruna C. Longo, Maria E. F. de Morais & Cléverson O. Silva

  2. Department of Dentistry, State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil

    Isabel B. Rohling, Pauline L. M. O. E. Silva & Maria D. B. de Souza

  3. Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Hélvis E. S. Paz & Renato C. V. Casarin

  4. Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

    Sheila A. B. Nishiyama

Authors
  1. Bruna C. Longo
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  2. Isabel B. Rohling
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  3. Pauline L. M. O. E. Silva
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  4. Maria E. F. de Morais
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  5. Hélvis E. S. Paz
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  6. Renato C. V. Casarin
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  7. Sheila A. B. Nishiyama
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  8. Maria D. B. de Souza
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  9. Cléverson O. Silva
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Bruna C. Longo, Isabel B. Rohling, Pauline L. M. O. E. Silva, Maria E. F. de Morais, Hélvis E. S. Paz, Renato C. V. Casarin, Sheila A. B. Nishiyama, Maria Daniela B. de Souza, and Cléverson O. Silva. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Bruna C. Longo, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cléverson O. Silva.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Human Research of State University of Western Parana (UNIOESTE) (CAAE 4.244.416) and the Ethics Committee of the UOPECCAN Hospital (121/2020). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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This article does not include details, images, or videos of the participants.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Longo, B.C., Rohling, I.B., Silva, P.L.M.O.E. et al. Antineoplastic therapy in childhood cancer patients presents a negative impact in the periodontal tissues: a cohort study. Clin Oral Invest 27, 6637–6644 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05270-1

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