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Transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated children: a longitudinal CBCT study

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Abstract

Objectives

Currently available reports on mandibular transverse growth are limited to two-dimensional images and cross-sectional studies. The objective of this study was to examine transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated growing individuals during the mixed dentition stage using longitudinal three-dimensional imaging.

Methods

CBCT images of 25 (13 females and 12 males) untreated subjects at two time points were analyzed. The average age was 9.1 years at T1 and 11.3 years at T2. Mandibular segmentation and superimposition were performed to obtain linear and angular measurements at different axial levels.

Results

At the superior (mental foramen) axial level, transverse growth between the buccal surfaces gradually increased from the premolars to the ramus. At the inferior axial level, significant transverse growth differences were detected between the ramus and the dentition regions. In contrast, between the lingual surfaces, both superior and inferior levels showed minimal change in the region under the dentition and a significant amount of resorption in the ramus region. This difference between buccal and lingual surface changes led to a mandibular body angulation change in the premolar and molar regions. In contrast, the overall mandibular body angulation measured from the posterior-most border of the mandible to the symphysis remained the same. Differences were detected between males and females, with males tending to exhibit greater transverse growth in the ramus region at the inferior level.

Conclusions

The mandibular body exhibited different transverse growth patterns at different axial levels. Differences were also found between genders.

Clinical relevance

An in-depth understanding of craniofacial growth and development is crucial to diagnosis and treatment planning. The current study provides additional insight into the transverse growth of the mandible.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Funding

This study was supported by the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (AAOF) Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award, American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) Full-Time Faculty Fellowship Award, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine Joseph and Josephine Rabinowitz Award for Excellence in Research, and the J. Henry O’Hern Jr. Pilot Grant from the Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine for Chenshuang Li.

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Author notes

  1. Leanne Lin and Chenshuang Li are contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Leanne Lin, Chenshuang Li, Stephanie H. Chen, Normand S. Boucher & Chun-Hsi Chung

Authors
  1. Leanne Lin
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  2. Chenshuang Li
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  3. Stephanie H. Chen
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  4. Normand S. Boucher
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  5. Chun-Hsi Chung
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Chenshuang Li and Chun-Hsi Chung; methodology, Leanne Lin, Chenshuang Li, and Chun-Hsi Chung; software, Chenshuang Li; validation, Leanne Lin; formal analysis, Leanne Lin, Chenshuang Li, and Stephanie H. Chen; resources, Normand S. Boucher and Chun-Hsi Chung; data curation, Leanne Lin; writing—original draft preparation, Leanne Lin and Chenshuang Li; writing—review and editing, Stephanie H. Chen, Normand S. Boucher, and Chun-Hsi Chung; supervision, Chenshuang Li and Chun-Hsi Chung; project administration, Chun-Hsi Chung; funding acquisition, Chenshuang Li. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chenshuang Li or Chun-Hsi Chung.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Pennsylvania (protocol number: 843717).

Consent to participate

Patient consent was waived because the CBCT images for this study were derived from a pre-existing clinical database of pre-orthodontic treatment records. No additional radiographic images were taken for the current study, and no personal identifying information was included in the current study.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Lin, L., Li, C., Chen, S.H. et al. Transverse growth of the mandibular body in untreated children: a longitudinal CBCT study. Clin Oral Invest 27, 2097–2107 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05019-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05019-w

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