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A temporospatial histomorphometric analysis of bone density adjacent to acid-etched self-tapping dental implants with an external hexagon connection in the female baboon

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Abstract

Objective

To characterize osseointegration as the percent of bone-implant contact (%BIC) along the surface (0.0 mm) as well as at surface profiles 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm lateral to the implant, determining any differences between early occlusally loaded and non-loaded implants.

Material and methods

In ten adult female baboons, 120 dental implants were randomly placed in opposing mandibular and maxillary locations. Eighty sites had two groups of healing (no load) of either 1 (n = 40) or 2 (n = 40) months leading to 3 months of functional loading. These sites received full acid-etched surface implants. The 40 control implants represented healing only periods (no load) for 1 (n = 10), 2 (n = 10), 4 (n = 10), and 5 (n = 10) months. These implants were of a vertically split surface texture design (acid-etched and machined). Block sections and photomicrographs were obtained. Blinded histometric analyses determined the %BIC via a superimposed template.

Results

The unloaded groups (1, 2, and 4 months) had higher %BIC compared to the 5-month group (p < 0.0001). The loaded groups exhibited mean bone densities of 59.2% and 55.5% (1-month healing at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively) and 61.0% and 57.1% (2-month healing at 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively) with no significant difference between healing time (p = 0.4118).

Conclusion

There was a lateral increase in %BIC in the loaded compared to unloaded groups.

Clinical Relevance.

The decrease in bone densities at the 5-month unloaded group suggests that there is a critical earlier time period when dental implants should be placed into functional load.

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Acknowledgements

The authors dedicated this work to the memories of our colleagues and friends, Drs. Arthur R. Vernino and Jonathan L. Gray. The valuable contributions of Drs. James N. Kenealy, Herbert J. Towle III, and Gregory M. Horning were also greatly appreciated. The authors of the previous study are acknowledged including Drs. Raleigh A. Holt Jr, Hsuch-Ming Lee, and Richard F. Caudill. Constructive comments were also provided by Dr. Pamela J. Robenolt.

Funding

Partial support for this study was provided by Implant Innovations, Inc. (Biomet 3i now Zimmer Biomet Dental).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Johnson County Periodontics, Dental Implants, and Laser Surgery, Overland Park, KS, USA

    Lara L. Ryan

  2. Kohles Bioengineering, 1731 SE 37th Avenue, Portland, OR, 97214-5135, USA

    Sean S. Kohles

  3. Division of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, School of Dentistry, and Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Sean S. Kohles

  4. Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA

    Sean S. Kohles

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  1. Lara L. Ryan
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Both authors contributed to various aspects of the concept/design, experimental protocol, data collection, data analysis/interpretation, statistical analysis, manuscript preparation/revision.

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Correspondence to Sean S. Kohles.

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The research described herein complied with all international guidelines for the ethical treatment of animals. Formal consent was not required.

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Ryan, L.L., Kohles, S.S. A temporospatial histomorphometric analysis of bone density adjacent to acid-etched self-tapping dental implants with an external hexagon connection in the female baboon. Clin Oral Invest 26, 2143–2154 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04195-x

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