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Cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the new dual-curing resin-modified calcium silicate-based material for vital pulp therapy

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Abstract

Objective

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).

Materials and methods

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05).

Results

The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT–treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting.

Clinical relevance

Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Network of Cell Therapy (TerCel), RETICS subprograms of the I+D+I 2013-2016 Spanish National Plan, project “RD16/0011/0001” funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III to JMM and cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain

    Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano, S. López-García, D. García-Bernal & L. Forner

  2. Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain

    Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano, S. López-García & M. P. Pecci-Lloret

  3. School of Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer 2 pl., University of Murcia, Av. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain

    Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano

  4. Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    J. L. Sanz, A. Lozano & M. Melo

  5. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    C. López-Ginés

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  1. Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
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  2. S. López-García
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  3. D. García-Bernal
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  4. J. L. Sanz
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  5. A. Lozano
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  6. M. P. Pecci-Lloret
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  7. M. Melo
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  8. C. López-Ginés
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  9. L. Forner
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Correspondence to Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Murcia (procedure number: 2199/2018). Likewise, permission was obtained from the Health Department authorities to use the information contained in the CDHs, previously anonymized by one of the investigators belonging to the medical staff of the Health Department in order to protect patient confidentiality. All the information was processed in abidance with the confidentiality regulations defined under Act 15/1999 referred to personal data protection.

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Informed consent was obtained from the parents of all individual participants included in the study.

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Rodríguez-Lozano, F.J., López-García, S., García-Bernal, D. et al. Cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the new dual-curing resin-modified calcium silicate-based material for vital pulp therapy. Clin Oral Invest 25, 5009–5024 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03811-0

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