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Differentiation, apoptosis, and GM-CSF receptor expression of human gingival fibroblasts on a titanium surface treated by a dual acid-etched procedure

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Abstract

Objectives

Analysis of the effects of titanium surface properties on the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Materials and methods

HGFs were in vitro cultured on a titanium surface modified by a dual acid-etched procedure and on a control machined surface. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, production of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) were investigated using in each experiment a total of 18 samples for each titanium surface.

Results

Cell attachment at 3 h of culture was statistically significantly higher on the etched surface. HGF growth increased on both surfaces during the entire experimental period and at day 14 of culture cell proliferation was statistically significantly higher on the treated surface than on the control. No statistically significant differences in percentage of apoptosis events were observed between the surfaces. ECM protein production increased progressively over time on both surfaces. A statistically significant deposition was observed at day 7 and 14 for collagen I and only at day 14 for fibronectin and tenascin, when compared to the baseline. GM-CSFR registered a positive expression on both surfaces, statistically significant at day 14 on the etched surface in comparison with the machined one.

Conclusions

Data showed that titanium surface microtopography modulates in vitro cell response and phenotypical expression of HGFs. The etched surface promoted a higher cell proliferation and differentiation improving the biological behavior of HGFs.

Clinical relevance

Results suggest a possible beneficial effect of surface etching modification on peri-implant biological integration and soft tissue healing which is critical for the formation of a biological seal around the neck of dental implants.

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Acknowledgments

The investigation was supported in part by a grant from “Regione Campania”, Department of Scientific and Technological Research, Italy, L.R. n. 5/02 to Prof. Luca Ramaglia and in part by a grant from Biomax SpA, Vicenza, Italy, to Prof. Luca Ramaglia. The authors thank Dr. Maria Pia Bruno (Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences; University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy) for her assistance in manuscript preparation.

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that no financial relationships, current or within the past 5 years, exist regarding any of the products involved in this study. The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Luca Ramaglia, Gabriele Capece & Carolina Sbordone

  2. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Gaetano Di Spigna & Loredana Postiglione

  3. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy

    Salvatore Salzano

Authors
  1. Luca Ramaglia
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  2. Gaetano Di Spigna
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  6. Loredana Postiglione
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Correspondence to Carolina Sbordone.

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Ramaglia, L., Di Spigna, G., Capece, G. et al. Differentiation, apoptosis, and GM-CSF receptor expression of human gingival fibroblasts on a titanium surface treated by a dual acid-etched procedure. Clin Oral Invest 19, 2245–2253 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1469-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1469-5

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