Abstract
Recent studies have showed a significant correlation between vascular calcification and bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, an investigation was carried out on the association between arterial stiffness, lumbar BMD and bone metabolic markers in Japanese postmenopausal women. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and BMD of the lumbar spine and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) levels in 143 postmenopausal women were measured, where there was a significant negative correlation between baPWV and BMD (r = −0.21; P = 0.0135). An additional analysis included the remaining 75 subjects, but excluded subjects with hypertension and obesity. Here, a more negative correlation between baPWV and BMD (r = −0.315; P = 0.006), and a positive correlation between baPWV and BAP (r = 0.248; P = 0.032) were also significant. A group analysis, where the women were age matched and stratified into three groups of different bone density, i.e., normal BMD, osteopenic and osteoporotic, were further made. This showed lower PWV values in the normal BMD group than in the other two groups. A study also showed that the tertile with the highest BAP was associated with significantly higher PWV values than the other tertiles. However, when the multiple linear regression analysis was carried out, there was no correlation between PWV and BAP values. Low BMD and arterial stiffness show some correlation, suggesting that BAP may reflect the degree of arterial stiffness present.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH (1999) The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med 340:1801–1811
Mosca L (2000) The role of hormone replacement therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal heart disease. Arch Intern Med 160:2263–2272
Orimo H, Hayashi Y, Fukunaga M, Sone T, Fujiwara S, Shiraki M, Kushida K, Miyamoto S, Soen S, Nishimura J, Oh-Hashi Y, Hosoi T, Gorai I, Tanaka H, Igai T, Kishimoto H (2001) Diagnostic criteria for primary osteoporosis: year 2000 revision. J Bone Miner Metab 19:331–337
Soda MY, Mizunuma H, Honjo S, Okano H, Ibuki Y, Igarashi M (1993) Pre- and postmenopausal bone mineral density of the spine and proximal femur in Japanese women assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry: a cross-sectional study. J Bone Miner Res 8:183–189
Barengolts EI, Berman M, Kukreja SC, Kouznetsova T, Lin C, Chomka EV (1998) Osteoporosis and coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 62:209–213
Hak AE, Pols HA, van Hemert AM, Hofman A, Witteman JC (2000) Progression of aortic calcification is associated with metacarpal bone loss during menopause: a population-based longitudinal study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20:1926–1931
Hirose K, Tomiyama H, Okazaki R, Arai T, Koji Y, Zaydun G, Hori S, Yamashina A (2003) Increased pulse wave velocity associated with reduced calcaneal quantitative osteo-sono index: possible relationship between atherosclerosis and osteopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2573–2578
Jorgensen L, Joakimsen O, Rosvold Berntsen GK, Heuch I, Jacobsen BK (2004) Low bone mineral density is related to echogenic carotid artery plaques: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 160:549–556
Munakata M, Ito N, Nunokawa T, Yoshinaga K (2003) Utility of automated brachial ankle pulse wave velocity measurements in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 16:653–657
Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y (2002) Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res 25:359–364
Kado DM, Browner WS, Blackwell T, Gore R, Cummings SR (2000) Rate of bone loss is associated with mortality in older women: a prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 15:1974–1980
Collin-Osdoby P (2004) Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Circ Res 95:1046–1057
Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M (2004) Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA 292:490–495
Abedin M, Tintut Y, Demer LL (2004) Vascular calcification: mechanisms and clinical ramifications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24:1161–1170
Dhore CR, Cleutjens JP, Lutgens E, Cleutjens KB, Geusens PP, Kitslaar PJ, Tordoir JH, Spronk HM, Vermeer C, Daemen MJ (2001) Differential expression of bone matrix regulatory proteins in human atherosclerotic plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 21:1988–2003
Vattikuti R, Towler DA (2004) Osteogenic regulation of vascular calcification: an early perspective. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E686–E696
McFarlane SI, Muniyappa R, Shin JJ, Bahtiyar G, Sowers JR (2004) Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease: brittle bones and boned arteries, is there a link? Endocrine 23:1–10
Bauer DC (2003) HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and the skeleton: a comprehensive review. Osteoporos Int 14:273–282
Mundy G, Garrett R, Harris S, Chan J, Chen D, Rossini G, Boyce B, Zhao M, Gutierrez G (1999) Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins. Science 286:1946–1949
Pedersen TR, Berg K, Cook TJ, Faergeman O, Haghfelt T, Kjekshus J, Miettinen T, Musliner TA, Olsson AG, Pyörälä K, Thorgeirsson G, Tobert JA, Wedel H, Wilhelmsen L (1996) Safety and tolerability of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin during 5 years in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study. Arch Intern Med 156:2085–2092
Reid IR, Hague W, Emberson J, Baker J, Tonkin A, Hunt D, MacMahon S, Sharpe N (2001) Effect of pravastatin on frequency of fracture in the LIPID study: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease. Lancet 357:509–512
Fisher JE, Rogers MJ, Halasy JM, Luckman SP, Hughes DE, Masarachia PJ, Wesolowski G, Russell RG, Rodan GA, Reszka AA (1999) Alendronate mechanism of action: geranylgeraniol, an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway, prevents inhibition of osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and kinase activation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:133–138
Iba K, Takada J, Yamashita T (2004) The serum level of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity is associated with aortic calcification in osteoporosis patients. J Bone Miner Metab 22:594–596
Shioi A, Katagi M, Okuno Y, Mori K, Jono S, Koyama H, Nishizawa Y (2002) Induction of bone-type alkaline phosphatase in human vascular smooth muscle cells: roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and oncostatin M derived from macrophages. Circ Res 9:9–16
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Mikumo, M., Okano, H., Yoshikata, R. et al. Association between lumber bone mineral density and vascular stiffness as assessed by pulse wave velocity in postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 27, 89–94 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-008-0014-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-008-0014-x