Zusammenfassung
Die kontrastmittelinduzierte Nephropathie (KIN) ist für ca. ein Drittel der Fälle des akuten Nierenversagens im Krankenhaus verantwortlich und betrifft insbesondere Patienten, die eine vorbestehende Nierenerkrankung und Risikofaktoren wie Diabetes, Hypertonus und höheres Alter haben. Das Auftreten einer KIN führt zu einer deutlich erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität der betroffenen Patienten. Eine entsprechende klinische Aufmerksamkeit ist geboten, um Risikopatienten zu identifizieren und adäquate präventive Maßnahmen einzuleiten und damit das Risiko einer KIN möglichst zu minimieren. Wichtigste Maßnahme stellt nach heutiger Kenntnis eine adäquate Hydrierung mit isotoner Kochsalz- oder Bikarbonatkösung dar. Weitere adjuvante Therapiemaßnahmen sind nicht gesichert, wie die Gabe von N-Acetyl Cystein oder eines Statins, oder haben sich nicht als hilfreich erwiesen, wie Diuretika oder der frühzeitige Einsatz von Nierenersatzverfahren.
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) accounts for about one third of cases of acute kidney damage in hospitals and primarily occurs in patients with preexisting chronic diseases and risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension and older age. The occurrence of CIN is associated with a significantly higher morbidity and mortality of patients, which underlines the need for sufficient clinical attention to identify patients at risk and to start adequate preventive measures to reduce risk of CIN. Adequate hydration with istotonic sodium chloride or bicarbonate solution is the most important measure to reduce the incidence of CIN. Further therapeutic options such as N-acetylcysteine or statins are still under debate or have not been proven to be helpful in CIN, such as diuretics or early renal replacement therapy.
Abbreviations
- KIN:
-
kontrastmittelinduzierte Nephropathie
- KM:
-
Kontastmittel
- GFR:
-
glomeruläre Filtrationsrate
- IOCM:
-
isoosmolar contrast media
- LOCM:
-
low osmolar contrast media
- ESUR:
-
European Society of Urogenital Radiology
- KDIGO:
-
Kidney Initiative – Improving Global Outcome
- AKIN:
-
Acute Kidney Injury Network
- CKD:
-
chronic kidney disease
- CI-AKI:
-
contrast induced acute kidney injury
- NAC:
-
N-Acetyl Cystein
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Willam, C. Kontrastmittel induzierte Nephropathie: Inzidenz, Bedeutung und Behandlung. Gefässchirurgie 16, 454–461 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-011-0888-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00772-011-0888-0