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Untersuchung ausgewählter Oberflächen-, Grund- und Bodenwasserproben auf Perchlorat in Deutschland: Erste Ergebnisse

Study of selected soil, ground, and surface water samples on perchlorate in Germany: First Results

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Zusammenfassung

Perchlorat wird in Raketen, Feuerwerkskörpern und Fackeln eingesetzt, kommt aber auch natürlich in ariden und semiariden Gebieten zusammen mit anderen Salzen vor. Bei der Entsorgung, Lagerung oder durch Unfälle kann es zu einem Eintrag dieser Substanz in das aquatische System kommen. Perchlorat konnte mittlerweile im Oberflächenwasser und Grundwasser an vielen Orten weltweit nachgewiesen werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, an ausgewählten Standorten zu überprüfen, ob Perchlorat auch in Deutschland in Oberflächen-, Grund- oder Bodenwasser vorkommt. Hierfür wurden Proben im Oberflächenwasser im Abstrom zweier militärisch genutzter Standorte, im Grundwasser eines Produktionsstandortes und im Grund- und Bodenwasser von Standorten, an denen Feuerwerke abgebrannt werden, gewonnen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass Perchlorat im Grund- und Oberflächenwasser an allen Standorten mit Gehalten um 1 μg/l nachgewiesen werden kann. Hohe Gehalte bis 15.000 μg/l wurden im Porenwasser vom Maifeld in Berlin nachgewiesen, wo direkt nach einem Feuerwerkswettbewerb Bodenproben entnommen wurden.

Abstract

Perchlorate is a component found in solid rocket fuels, explosives, fireworks, and road flares. In addition, perchlorate is a minor component of natural salt deposits in semiarid and arid regions. Discharge and storage areas as well as accidents are potential sources for perchlorate contamination of aquatic systems. Perchlorate has been detected in surface water and groundwater from several places worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether perchlorate occurs in surface water, groundwater, or soil leachate at selected sites in Germany. These sites include surface water from a military base in southern Germany, groundwater from a production site, and groundwater and soil leachate from a location where fireworks shows are performed regularly. Results show that perchlorate was detected in all surface water and groundwater samples with values around 1 μg/l. Highest values (up to 15,000 μg/l) were detected in pore waters of the “Maifeld” area in Berlin where soil was sampled immediately after a fireworks show.

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Danksagung

Für die freundliche Unterstützung bei der Vorbereitung der Probennahme danken die Autoren Frau Kolberg und Frau Wietcykowski von der Berliner Senatsverwaltung für Gesundheit, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz und Frau Dr. Katrin Knief vom Wasserwirtschaftsamt Weilheim. Wir danken Laura Groza für ihre Hilfe bei der Analyse von Perchlorat.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Hydrogeologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstr. 71–76, 13355, Berlin, Deutschland

    Traugott J. Scheytt & Jessika Freywald

  2. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada

    Carol J. Ptacek

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  1. Traugott J. Scheytt
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  2. Jessika Freywald
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  3. Carol J. Ptacek
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Correspondence to Traugott J. Scheytt.

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Scheytt, T.J., Freywald, J. & Ptacek, C.J. Untersuchung ausgewählter Oberflächen-, Grund- und Bodenwasserproben auf Perchlorat in Deutschland: Erste Ergebnisse. Grundwasser 16, 37–43 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00767-010-0159-0

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