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Comparative geochemical, magnetic susceptibility, and fluid inclusion studies on the Paleoproterozoic Malanjkhand and Dongargarh granitoids, Central India and implications to metallogeny

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Abstract

The Malanjkhand granodiorite (MG) hosting economic copper mineralization and the hitherto barren Dongargarh granitoids (DG) have subtle differences in their petrographic and bulk geochemical features. The two plutons are contiguous and occur in the northern part of the Bhandara Craton in Central India with intervening volcanosedimentary sequence of the Dongargarh Supergroup amidst older gneisses. The Dongargarh granitoids studied in two smaller units have higher bulk magnetic susceptibility than the Cu-bearing MG; the majority of samples studied from the latter being ilmenite-series rocks. DG crystallized at higher pressures compared to MG. Plagioclase composition ranges from albite to high bytownite in MG, whereas its compositional range is restricted to high andesine in DG. However, both intrusions give identical temperature ranges estimated by binary feldspar thermometry. Biotite in MG shows higher Fe/Mg ratios, as well as a greater range of compositional variation, than that in DG. MG has a moderately fractionated rare earth element distribution pattern without any significant Eu anomaly, showing depletion in mid-range rare earth elements (REE) and no depletion in heavy REE. DG is characterized by a prominent negative Eu anomaly. Geochemical features indicate subtle differences in the nature of source rocks and/or melting processes responsible for the generation of the two granitoids. MG displays more consistent bulk chemical features and is possibly a result of crystallization from a homogeneous granodioritic melt. DG displays a greater diversity and possibly incorporated a significant felsic crustal component that contributed to the parent melt. A fluid inclusion study of quartz grains from the granitoids and barren quartz veins occurring in MG indicates identical low-temperature nature of the fluid in both cases. They differ from the fluid in the mineralized zone in MG in the absence of a high-temperature component and CO2 in the fluid. Late-stage fluids in DG and associated barren quartz veins compare well with those from MG. The hydrothermal activity following the granite emplacement seems to have operated under identical temperature conditions, and the aqueous fluid at the two occurrences seems to have been broadly similar. In both cases, internal evolution of the exsolved fluid to low temperatures and moderate salinity are visualized. Based on the existing information, the lack of ore potential in DG may be attributed to the metal and volatile (water + halogens) deficient nature of the parental granitic melt.

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Acknowledgments

The work was partly supported by a project (ESS/16/246/2005 sanctioned to MKP) sponsored by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. Part of the EPMA work was done at the Geological Survey of Japan. DP acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India for financial help in the form of a fellowship to work on the project. The ICP-MS facility was made available to the host department through the FIST program of the Department of Science and Technology. We thank the anonymous reviewer for his thorough and constructive review that improved the quality of the paper. We thank Anton Chakhmouradian, Associate Editor of the journal, for his the meticulous handling that has greatly improved the quality of our presentation, though we take full responsibility for any omissions and mistakes.

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  1. Dinesh Pandit

    Present address: National Centre for Antarctic and Oceanic Research, Vasco Da Gama, Goa, 403804, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology & Geophysics, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Dinesh Pandit & Mruganka K. Panigrahi

  2. Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Tsukuba Central, Ibaraki, Japan

    Takeru Moriyama & Shunso Ishihara

  3. Metal and Mineral Resources Department, Toyota Tusho Corporation, Nagoya, Japan

    Takeru Moriyama

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  1. Dinesh Pandit
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Correspondence to Mruganka K. Panigrahi.

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Editorial handling: A. R. Chakhmouradian

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Table 1 Magnetic susceptibility data for MG (×10−3 SI units)
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Table 2 Magnetic susceptibility data for DG (×10−3 SI units)
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Pandit, D., Panigrahi, M.K., Moriyama, T. et al. Comparative geochemical, magnetic susceptibility, and fluid inclusion studies on the Paleoproterozoic Malanjkhand and Dongargarh granitoids, Central India and implications to metallogeny. Miner Petrol 108, 663–680 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-014-0328-4

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