Abstract
Salt-stress-induced alterations in osmotic, ionic, and redox responses were studied in the early period of treatment (30Â min to 5Â days) in seedlings of Brassica juncea L. Roots and shoots under mild (50Â mM) and severe (250Â mM) NaCl stress were analyzed for growth, oxidative stress, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant defense, and redox state. Growth reduction was less pronounced in the early time period of salt stress while oxidative damage increased linearly and in a sustained manner under severe stress up to 6Â h. An early and transient reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, as evidenced by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide level was observed, followed by activation of enzymatic antioxidant system (GPX, SOD, CAT, and GR) in both root and shoot. The enzymatic activity was not affected much under mild stress particularly at early phase; however, severe stress induced a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Root ascorbate was progressively accumulated, and its redox state maintained in the early time phase of treatment under mild stress while increase in root and shoot glutathione content was recorded under mild stress at 5Â days when the active ascorbate pool decreased. While early period of salt stress showed significant Na+ accumulation over control, plants subjected to mild stress measured less Na+ accumulation up to 5Â days compared to severely stressed plants. The results showed an early induction of differential responses to salt stress in roots and shoots of Brassica which include growth limitations, reduced relative water content, increased osmolytes, redox state, and antioxidant system, and a significant Na+ increase. The results also indicate that roots and shoots may have distinct mechanisms of responses to salt stress.
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Authors thank Dr Ashok Badigannavar for help in PCA analysis.
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Handling Editor: Bhumi Nath Tripathi
Singh Laxmi Ranjit, Pandey Manish and Suprasanna Penna contributed equally to this work.
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Ranjit, S.L., Manish, P. & Penna, S. Early osmotic, antioxidant, ionic, and redox responses to salinity in leaves and roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Protoplasma 253, 101–110 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0792-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-015-0792-7