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Molecular evolution and phylodynamics of hepatitis B virus infection circulating in Iran

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Abstract

Previous local and national Iranian publications indicate that all Iranian hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains belong to HBV genotype D. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolutionary history of HBV infection in Iran for the first time, based on an intensive phylodynamic study. The evolutionary parameters, time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA), and the population dynamics of infections were investigated using the Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain (BMCMC). The effective sample size (ESS) and sampling convergence were then monitored. After sampling from the posterior distribution of the nucleotide substitution rate and other evolutionary parameters, the point estimations (median) of these parameters were obtained. All Iranian HBV isolates were of genotype D, sub-type ayw2. The origin of HBV is regarded as having evolved first on the eastern border, before moving westward, where Isfahan province then hosted the virus. Afterwards, the virus moved to the south and west of the country. The tMRCA of HBV in Iran was estimated to be around 1894, with a 95% credible interval between the years 1701 and 1957. The effective number of infections increased exponentially from around 1925 to 1960. Conversely, from around 1992 onwards, the effective number of HBV infections has decreased at a very high rate. Phylodynamic inference clearly demonstrates a unique homogenous pattern of HBV genotype D compatible with a steady configuration of the decreased effective number of infections in the population in recent years, possibly due to the implementation of blood donation screening and vaccination programs. Adequate molecular epidemiology databases for HBV are crucial for infection prevention and treatment programs.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hepatitis B Lab, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 15155-6446, Tehran, 14155-6446, Iran

    Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Mehdi Norouzi, Fatemeh Ramezani, Vahdat Poortahmasebi, Mohadeseh Zarei-Ghobadi, Azam Ghaziasadi, Zahra Fakhari & Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri

  2. Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Mehdi Norouzi & Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri

  3. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Amir Malekpour

  4. School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Amir Malekpour

  5. Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee & Hamid Reza Jahantigh

  6. National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Sadeghi

  7. Middle East Liver Diseases Center (MELD Centers), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Moayed Alavian

  8. Virology Institute, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany

    Hadi Karimzadeh

  9. Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Reza Malekzadeh

  10. Department of Internal Medicine, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Masood Ziaee

  11. Department of Infectious Disease, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Farshid Abedi

  12. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Behrooz Ataei & Majid Yaran

  13. Kermanshah Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran

    Babak Sayad

  14. Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad hossein Somi

  15. Educational Region of Khozestan Blood Transfusion Organization, Ahvaz, Iran

    Gholamreza Sarizadeh

  16. Department of Gastroenterology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Ismail Sanei-Moghaddam

  17. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei

  18. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Keyvani

  19. Gholhack Medical Laboratory, Tehran, Iran

    Ebrahim Kalantari

  20. Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Geravand

Authors
  1. Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
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  27. Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seyed Mohammad Jazayeri.

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No conflict of interest to be declared.

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The authors of this study have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations.

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Handling Editor: Michael Carpenter.

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Mozhgani, SH., Malekpour, S.A., Norouzi, M. et al. Molecular evolution and phylodynamics of hepatitis B virus infection circulating in Iran. Arch Virol 163, 1479–1488 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3764-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3764-3

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