Abstract
Andrographolide, a diterpenoid, is known for its anti-inflammatory effects. It can be isolated from various plants of the genus Andrographis, commonly known as ‘creat’. This purified compound has been tested for its anti-inflammatory effects in various stressful conditions, such as ischemia, pyrogenesis, arthritis, hepatic or neural toxicity, carcinoma, and oxidative stress, Apart from its anti-inflammatory effects, andrographolide also exhibits immunomodulatory effects by effectively enhancing cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). All these properties of andrographolide form the foundation for the use of this miraculous compound to restrain virus replication and virus-induced pathogenesis. The present article covers antiviral properties of andrographolide in variety of viral infections, with the hope of developing of a new highly potent antiviral drug with multiple effects.
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Abbreviations
- NK cells:
-
Natural killer cells
- Tregs :
-
Regulatory T cells
- CTLs:
-
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- IAV:
-
Influenza A virus
- NS:
-
Non-structural
- HBV:
-
Hepatitis B virus
- NC:
-
Nucleocapsid
- DCs:
-
Dendritic cells
- HCV:
-
Hepatitis C virus
- HSV:
-
Herpes simplex virus
- EBV:
-
Epstein-Barr virus
- HPV:
-
Human papillomavirus
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- AIDS:
-
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- gp:
-
Glycoprotein
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- CHIKV:
-
Chikungunya virus
- NCR:
-
Non-coding region
- HBsAg:
-
Hepatitis B surface antigen
- HBeAg:
-
Hepatitis B envelope antigen
- 14-DDA:
-
14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide
- DAD:
-
14-Deoxyandrographolide
- IPAD:
-
3, 19-Isopropylideneandrographolide
- ACV:
-
Acyclovir
- HSV-1DR:
-
HSV-1 drug-resistant strain
- CPE:
-
Cytopathic effect
- RIG-1:
-
Retinoic acid inducible gene 1
- RLRs:
-
RIG-1-like receptors
- HO-1:
-
Haeme oxygenase 1
- DASM:
-
Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester
- BAL:
-
Bronchoalveolar
- ADCC:
-
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
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This work was supported by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in the form of a research fellowship granted to SG and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in the form of a project grant.
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Gupta, S., Mishra, K.P. & Ganju, L. Broad-spectrum antiviral properties of andrographolide. Arch Virol 162, 611–623 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3166-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-3166-3