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Cytogenetic, molecular and morphological characterization of Passiflora capsularis L. and Passiflora rubra L.

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Abstract

Passiflora capsularis and P. rubra are small plants with white flowers that open in the morning, favorable for indoor decoration. These species are very similar in terms of morphology, and the only differences refer to fruit color and hairiness of the ovary. Cytogenetic, molecular (SSR) and morphological studies were performed to differentiate the two species. The results of the cytogenetic analyses showed that the karyotypes of both species are similar, with 2n = 12, and 8 metacentric and 4 submetacentric chromosomes. A satellite was observed for both species, on the long arm of the second chromosome pair. Nuclear DNA content was estimated by flow cytometry of nuclei stained with propidium iodide. The 2C DNA content was 0.57 pg for P. capsularis and 0.62 pg for P. rubra; there were no significant differences between the species. Even with a high degree of cophenetic correlation (0.96), the result of cluster analysis according to Mahalanobis distance by UPGMA and Ward method using morphological and pollen descriptors has not showed a clear separation between the genotypes of P. capsularis and P. rubra. The primers tested using microsatellite markers did not present polymorphism. Cytogenetic, morphological and palynological data showed that, although P. capsularis and P. rubra have different phenotypic characteristics in relation to fruit and hairiness of the ovary, both may belong to the same species. Although the studied species were collected at the same coordinates and altitudes, the differences between them allowed their categorization as varieties of the species, indicating two botanical forms.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the scholarship granted to the first author; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) and CNPq for the financial support; Dr. Vitor O. Becker for the permission to collect Passiflora specimens at Reserva Particular do Patrimômio Natural (RPPN) of Serra Bonita, BA, Brazil (Uiraçu Institute, www.uiracu.org.br); technician Gisele Rocha, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS)/Laboratório de Biologia (LABIO) for helping in the sample analysis at SEM; Dr. Jarosslav Dolezel for donating seeds of Solanum lycopersicum, which were used as a reference standard for cytometric analysis; Dr. Guadalupe Palomino, researcher of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Jardin Botanico, for the use of flow cytometer; Dr. Telma N.S. Pereira (Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro) and Dr. Armando C. Cervi (Universidade Federal do Paraná) for the critical reading of the first author’s dissertation.

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  1. Laboratório de Melhoramento de Plantas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, Km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil

    Juliane dos Santos Amorim, Margarete Magalhães Souza, Américo José Carvalho Viana, Ronan Xavier Corrêa & Dário Ahnert

  2. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil

    Ioná Santos Araújo

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  1. Juliane dos Santos Amorim
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  2. Margarete Magalhães Souza
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  3. Américo José Carvalho Viana
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Correspondence to Margarete Magalhães Souza.

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dos Santos Amorim, J., Souza, M.M., Viana, A.J.C. et al. Cytogenetic, molecular and morphological characterization of Passiflora capsularis L. and Passiflora rubra L.. Plant Syst Evol 300, 1147–1162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0952-1

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