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Fluorescent nanodiamond for nanotheranostic applications

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Abstract

The interest in application of nanodiamonds as nanotheranostics is increasing rapidly over recent years. The combination of properties, such as high refractive index, low toxicity, inertness, high carrier capacity and rich surface functionalities, as well as unique magneto-optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy centre, renders fluorescent nanodiamonds superior to other nanomaterials as nanotheranostics. In this review, the current state of research on the applications of nanodiamonds as theranostics where they have been utilised in combination with both diagnostics/imaging and therapy simultaneously is discussed. Firstly, a brief introduction to the current knowledge about the synthesis and properties of nitrogen-vacancy centre in nanodiamonds is given. Then, the underlying principles that are responsible for the magneto-optical properties of nitrogen-vacancy centre are explained. The majority of theranostic applications of nanodiamonds rely on the judicious engineering of their surface with bioactive molecules. In the following section, methods of engineering the surface of nanodiamonds while preserving their colloidal stability and their implication on in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility are described. Subsequently, the recent developments and applications of nanodiamond conjugates as photo-theranostics and non-targeted and targeted theranostics are critically discussed. Co-delivery of specifically tailored nanodiamonds with both diagnostic/imaging and therapeutic features can considerably contribute towards nanotheranostics-based personalized medicine.

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Reproduced with permission from Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2021, 94, 2302 [178]

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Reproduced with permission from Adv. NanoBiomed. Res. 2021, 1, 2000101 [212]

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Funding

S. B. received the research promotion grant no. 11/1–349/2022/FIN-B/, dated 23rd March 2022 from Mizoram University, India. S. C. received Startup Research Funding from the SRM University AP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700106, India

    Goutam Pramanik

  2. Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India

    Soumabha Bag

  3. Department of Chemistry, SRM University, AP - Andhra Pradesh, Amaravati, 522 240, India

    Sabyasachi Chakrabortty

Authors
  1. Goutam Pramanik
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  2. Soumabha Bag
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  3. Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
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Contributions

Conceptualization: G. P. and S. C. Draft preparation; writing—review and editing: G. P., S. B. and S. C. G. P. ORCID ID 0000–0002-2225–2570; S. B. ORCID ID: 0000–0002-0932-105X; S. C. ORCID ID 0000–0002-2759–2208.

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Correspondence to Goutam Pramanik or Sabyasachi Chakrabortty.

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Pramanik, G., Bag, S. & Chakrabortty, S. Fluorescent nanodiamond for nanotheranostic applications. Microchim Acta 189, 447 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05545-6

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