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Voltammetric sensing of formaldehyde by using a nanocomposite prepared by reductive deposition of palladium and platinum on polypyrrole-coated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide

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Abstract

The study presents the synthesis of polypyrrole-coated palladium platinum/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (PdPt-PPy/N-rGO NC) via direct the reduction of Pd(II) and Pt(II) in the presence of pyrrole monomer, N-rGO and L-cysteine as the reducing agent. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of metallic Pd and Pt from the reduction of Pd and Pt cations. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed the presence of Pd, Pt and PPy deposition on N-rGO. Impedance spectroscopy results gave a decreased charge transfer resistance due to the presence of N-rGO. The nanocomposites were synthesized with different Pd/Pt ratios (2:1, 1:1 and 1:2). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the nanocomposite showed enhanced electrochemical sensing capability for formaldehyde in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution. Cyclic voltammetry showed an increase in the formaldehyde oxidation peak current at the GCE modified with Pd2Pt1 PPy N-rGO. At a typical potential of 0.45 V (vs. SCE), the sensitivity in the linear segment was 345.8 μA.mM −1. cm−2. The voltammetric response was linear between 0.01 and 0.9 mM formaldehyde concentration range, with a 27 µM detection limit (at S/N = 3).

Schematic presentation of formaldehyde detection by Pd2Pt1-PPy/nitrogen-doped reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite (Pd2Pt1-PPy /N-Gr NC). The decrease of charge transfer resistance and the agglomeration of deposited metals in the presence of N-rGO enhance the current response of the electrochemical sensor.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Mojdeh Yeganeh for valuable discussion. This research is supported by the UMRG Sub program RP020C-16SUS and Frontier Research Grant FG030-17AFR.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Farhangian, Tehran, 11369, Iran

    Mohammad R. Mahmoudian

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wan J. Basirun, Pei M. Woi & Yatimah B. Alias

  3. Department of Chemistry, Organization for Educational Research and Planning, Tehran, 11369, Iran

    Hassan Hazarkhani

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  1. Mohammad R. Mahmoudian
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  2. Wan J. Basirun
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  3. Pei M. Woi
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  5. Yatimah B. Alias
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Correspondence to Mohammad R. Mahmoudian or Yatimah B. Alias.

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Mahmoudian, M.R., Basirun, W.J., Woi, P.M. et al. Voltammetric sensing of formaldehyde by using a nanocomposite prepared by reductive deposition of palladium and platinum on polypyrrole-coated nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide. Microchim Acta 186, 369 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3481-y

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