Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Voltammetric determination of ultratrace levels of cerium(III) using a carbon paste electrode modified with nano-sized cerium-imprinted polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotubes

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A carbon paste electrode was modified with a Ce(III)-imprinted polymer (Ce-IP) and used for voltammetric determination of Ce(III) ions in real water samples. Precipitation polymerization was used for synthesis of the nano-sized Ce-IP from vinylpyridine and methacrylic acid (acting as the complexing ligands and functional monomers), divinylbenzene (cross-linker) and AIBN as the radical starter. The Ce-IP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and zeta potentials. A carbon paste electrode (CPE) was then impregnated with the Ce-IP and used for the extraction and subsequent determination of Ce(III). Oxidative square wave voltammetry showed the electrode to give a significantly better response than an electrode modified with the non-imprinted polymer. The addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes to the Ce-IP-modified electrode further improves the signal, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the method. The effects of electrode composition, extraction pH value, volume and time were optimized. The electrode, if operated at a voltage of 1.05 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), displays a linear response to Ce(III) in the 1.0 μM to 25 pM concentration range, and the detection limit is 10 pM (at an S/N ratio of 3). The relative standard deviation of 5 separate determinations is 3.1 %. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Ce(III) in the spiked samples of drinking water and sea water.

A carbon paste electrode was modified with Ce-imprinted polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotube (Ce-IP-CNT-CP), and then utilized for the extraction of Ce(III) prior to its electroanalysis by square wave voltammety (SWV).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Wilson CL, Wilson DW (1962) 477 Comprehensive analytical chemistry, vol 1C. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  2. Fricker SP (2006) The therapeutic application of lanthanides. Chem Soc Rev 35:524–533

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rao CK, Reddy VK, Reddy TS (1994) Rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of cerium (IV) with 2, 4-dihydroxy benzophenone benzoic hydrazone. Talanta 41:237–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Gupta VK, Singh AK, Gupta B (2006) A cerium (III) selective polyvinyl chloride membrane sensor based on a schiff base complex of N, N-bis [2-(salicylideneamino) ethyl] ethane-1, 2-diamine. Anal Chim Acta 575:198–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Osman AM, Hilhorst R, Laane C (2000) Chemiluminescent determination of Ce (IV) using cypridina luciferin analog. Anal Chim Acta 422:81–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Akseli A, Rakicioğlu Y (1996) Fluorimetric trace determination of cerium (III) with sodium triphosphate. Talanta 43:1983–1988

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Singh AK, Singh P (2010) Determination of cerium ion by polymeric membrane and coated graphite electrode based on novel pendant armed macrocycle. Anal Chim Acta 675:170–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Afkhami A, Madrakian T, Shirzadmehr A, Tabatabaee M, Bagheri H (2012) New schiff base-carbon nanotube-nanosilica-ionic liquid as a high performance sensing material of a potentiometric sensor for nanomolar determination of cerium (III) ions. Sensors Actuators B Chem 174:237–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hamajima Y, Koba M, Endo K, Nakahara H (1985) Determination of lanthanoids in Japanese standard rocks by radiochemical neutron activation method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 89:315–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang J, Farias PA, Mahmoud JS (1985) Trace determination of lanthanum, cerium, and praseodymium based on adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 171:215–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Svancara I, Vytras K, Barek J, Zima J (2001) Carbon paste electrodes in modern electroanalysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 31:311–345

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Alizadeh T, Fard LA (2013) Synthesis of Cu2+-mediated nano-sized salbutamol-imprinted polymer and its use for indirect recognition of ultra-trace levels of salbutamol. Anal Chim Acta 769:100–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang X, Li C, Yan Y, Pan J, Xu P, Zhao X (2010) A Ce3+-imprinted functionalized potassium tetratitanate whisker sorbent prepared by surface molecularly imprinting technique for selective separation and determination of Ce3 +. Microchim Acta 169:289–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Alizadeh T, Amjadi S (2011) Preparation of nano-sized Pb 2+ imprinted polymer and its application as the chemical interface of an electrochemical sensor for toxic lead determination in different real samples. J Hazard Mater 190:451–459

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR, Nourozi P, Zare M, Hoseini M (2011) A carbon paste electrode impregnated with Cd 2+ imprinted polymer as a new and high selective electrochemical sensor for determination of ultra-trace Cd2+ in water samples. J Electroanal Chem 657:98–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR, Zare M (2011) Application of an Hg 2+ selective imprinted polymer as a new modifying agent for the preparation of a novel highly selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of ultratrace mercury ions. Anal Chim Acta 689:52–59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Garcia R, Pinel C, Madic C, Lemaire M (1998) Ionic imprinting effect in gadolinium/lanthanum separation. Tetrahedron Lett 39:8651–8654

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Alizadeh T, Ganjali MR (2015) Alizadeh T (2015) competitive extraction of Gd(III) into a carbon paste electrode impregnated with a nano-sized Gd(III)-imprinted polymer as a new method for its indirect voltammetric determination. Microchim Acta 182:1205–1212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jiajia GUO, Jibao CAI, Qingde SU (2009) Ion imprinted polymer particles of neodymium: synthesis, characterization and selective recognition. J Rare Earths 27:22–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Shirvani-Arani S, Ahmadi SJ, Bahrami-Samani A, Ghannadi-Maragheh M (2008) Synthesis of nano-pore samarium (III)-imprinted polymer for preconcentrative separation of samarium ions from other lanthanide ions via solid phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 623:82–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Prasad K, Kala R, Rao TP, Naidu GRK (2006) Ion imprinted polymer based ion-selective electrode for the trace determination of dysprosium (III) ions. Anal Chim Acta 566:69–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kala R, Biju VM, Rao TP (2005) Synthesis, characterization, and analytical applications of erbium (III) ion imprinted polymer particles prepared via gamma-irradiation with different functional and crosslinking monomers. Anal Chim Acta 549:51–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Alizadeh T, Amjadi S (2013) Synthesis of nano-sized Eu3+−imprintedpolymeranditsapplication for indirectvoltammetricdeterminationofeuropium. Talanta 106:431–439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pan J, Zou X, Li C, Liu Y, Yan Y, Han J (2010) Synthesis and applications of Ce (III)-imprinted polymer based on attapulgite as the sacrificial support material for selective separation of cerium (III) ions. Microchim Acta 171:151–160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sinha N, Ma J, Yeow JT (2006) Carbon nanotube-based sensors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 6:573–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Dam HA, Kim D (2009) Selective copper (II) sorption behavior of surface-imprinted core-shell-type polymethacrylate microspheres. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:5679–5685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Javanbakht M, Khoshsafar H, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P, Badei A, Hasheminasab A (2008) Stripping voltammetry of cerium (IIl) with a chemically modified carbon paste electrode containing functionalized nanoporous silica gel. Electroanalysis 20:203–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Javanbakht M, Khoshsafar H, Reza Ganjali M, Norouzi P, Adib M (2009) Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of nanomolar concentration of cerium (III) at a carbon paste electrode modified by N′-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-furohydrazide. Electroanalysis 21:1605–1610

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Li J, Liu S, Yan Z, Mao X, Gao P (2006) Adsorptive voltammetric studies on the cerium (III)-alizarin complexon complex at a carbon paste electrode. Microchim Acta 154:241–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Prasad BB, Jauhari D (2015) Double-ion imprinted polymer@ magnetic nanoparticles modified screen printed carbon electrode for simultaneous analysis of cerium and gadolinium ions. Anal Chim Acta 875:83–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu S, Li J, Zhang S, Zhao J (2005) Study on the adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace cerium at a carbon paste electrode modified in situ with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Appl Surf Sci 252:2078–2084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran

    Taher Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Ganjali, Maede Akhoundian & Parviz Norouzi

Authors
  1. Taher Alizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Reza Ganjali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Maede Akhoundian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Parviz Norouzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taher Alizadeh.

Electronic Supplementary Material

ESM 1

(DOC 57 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alizadeh, T., Ganjali, M.R., Akhoundian, M. et al. Voltammetric determination of ultratrace levels of cerium(III) using a carbon paste electrode modified with nano-sized cerium-imprinted polymer and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Microchim Acta 183, 1123–1130 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1702-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1702-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation