Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of malachite green from fish samples prior to its determination by HPLC

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) particles for malachite green (MG) were prepared by emulsion polymerization using methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, and a combination of Span-80 and Tween-80 as an emulsifier. The MIP particles were characterized by SEM micrographs and FT-IR spectra. Their binding capacity for MG was evaluated based on kinetic and isothermal adsorption experiments and compared to non-imprinted polymer particles. Analytical figures of merit include an adsorption equilibrium time of 15 min, an adsorption capacity of 1.9 mg∙g‾1 in acetonitrile-water (20:80), and an imprinting factor of 1.85. The MIP particles were successfully applied to the extraction of MG from fish samples spiked with MG and the other interfering substances prior to its determination of MG by HPLC. Spiked samples gave recoveries of MG that ranged from 86 to 104 %, much higher than that of the other interfering substance.

Molecularly imprinted polymer particles for malachite green (MG) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. They show adsorption capacity of 1.9 mg∙g‾¹ with imprinting factor of 1.85, and were successfully applied to the extraction of MG from spiked fish samples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alderman DJ, Clifton Hadley RS (1993) Malachite green: a pharmacokinetic study in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 16(4):297–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Srivastava SJ, Srivastava AK, Singh ND, Sinha R (1995) Acute toxicity of malachite green and its effects on certain blood parameters of a catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Aquat Toxicol 31(3):241–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rao KVK (1995) Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green: a new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol Lett 81(2–3):107–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Culp SJ, Beland FA (1996) Malachite green: a toxicological review. Int J Toxicol 15(3):219–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Stammati A, Nebbia C, Angelis ID, Albo AG, Carletti M, Rebecchi C, Zampaglioni F, Dacasto M (2005) Effects of malachite green (MG) and its major metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), in two human cell lines. Toxicol in Vitro 19(7):853–858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bilandžić N, Varenina I, Kolanović BS, Oraić D, Zrnčić S (2012) Malachite green residues in farmed fish in Croatia. Food Control 26(2):393–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sagar K, Smyth MR, Wilson JG, McLaughlin K (1994) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the triphenylmethane dye, malachite green, using amperometric detection at a carbon fibre microelectrode. J Chromatogr A 659(2):329–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dowling G, Mulder PPJ, Duffy C, Regan L, Smyth MR (2007) Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 586(1–2):411–419

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Aprea C, Colosio C, Mammone T, Minoia C, Maroni M (2002) Biological monitoring of pesticide exposure: a review of analytical methods. J Chromatogr B 769(2):191–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hennion M, Pichon V (2003) Immuno-based sample preparation for trace analysis. J Chromatogr A 1000(1):29–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Rodríguez EE, Navarro-Villoslada F, Benito-Peña E, Marazuela MD, Moreno-Bondi MC (2011) Multiresidue determination of ultratrace levels of fluoroquinolone antimicrobials in drinking and aquaculture water samples by automated online molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 83(6):2046–2055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang QC, Xiao XH, Li GK (2014) Porous molecularly imprinted monolithic capillary column for on-line extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for trace analysis of antimicrobials in food samples. Talanta 123:63–70

  13. Wulff G (2013) Fourty years of molecular imprinting in synthetic polymers: origin, features and perspectives. Mikrochim Acta 180(15–16):1359–1370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pardeshi S, Dhodapkar R, Kumar A (2014) Molecularly imprinted microspheres and nanoparticles prepared using precipitation polymerisation method for selective extraction of gallic acid from Emblica officinalis. Food Chem 146:385–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Li YH, Yang T, Qi XL, Qiao YW, Deng AP (2008) Development of a group selective molecularly imprinted polymers based solid phase extraction of malachite green from fish water and fish feed samples. Anal Chim Acta 624(2):317–325

  16. Long CY, Mai ZB, Yang YF, Zhu BH, Xu XM, Lu L, Zou XY (2009) Determination of multi-residue for malachite green, gentian violet and their metabolites in aquatic products by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 1216(12):2275–2281

  17. Guo ZY, Gai PP, Hao TT, Duan J, Wang S (2011) Determination of malachite green residues in fish using a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence method combined with molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. J Agric Food Chem 59(10):5257–5262

  18. Yan SL, Gao ZX, Fang YJ, Cheng YY, Zhou HY, Wang HY (2007) Characterization and quality assessment of binding properties of malachite green molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by precipitation polymerization in acetonitrile. Dyes Pigments 74(3):572–577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Bueno MJM, Herrera S, Uclés A, Agüera A, Hernando MD, Shimelis O, Rudolfsson M, Fernández-Alba AR (2010) Determination of malachite green residues in fish using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography–linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 665(1):47–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lian ZR, Wang JT (2012) Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of malachite green from seawater and seafood coupled with high-performance liquid chromatographic determination. Mar Pollut Bull 64(12):2656–2662

  21. Dai JD, Pan JM, Xu LC, Li XX, Zhou ZP, Zhang RX, Yan YS (2012) Preparation of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles with superparamagnetic susceptibility through atom transfer radical emulsion polymerization for the selective recognition of tetracycline from aqueous medium. J Hazard Mater 205–206:179–188

  22. Shinoda K, Takeda H (1970) The effect of added salts in water on the hydrophile-lipophile balance of nonionic surfactants: the effect of added salts on the phase inversion temperature of emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 32(4):642–646

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vaihinger D, Landfester K, Kräuter I, Brunner H, Tovar GE (2002) Molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres as synthetic affinity receptors obtained by miniemulsion polymerisation. Macromol Chem Phys 203(13):1965–1973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pérez N, Whitcombe MJ, Vulfson EN (2000) Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles prepared by core shell emulsion polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 77(8):1851–1859

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by SRF for ROCS, SEM (201210100002); the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province, China (2012Y0052, 2014Y0045); the Science and Technology Planning Project of Xiamen, China (3502Z20143018); Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering (M20140902); the Foundation for Innovative Research Team of Jimei University, China (2010A007); National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (201410390009, 20141039047).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Lu Li, Zheng-zhong Lin, Xiao-mei Chen, Hong-yuan Zhang, Yi-dong Lin & Zhi-yong Huang

  2. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Zheng-zhong Lin, Zhu-zhi Lai & Zhi-yong Huang

  3. College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Zhu-zhi Lai

Authors
  1. Lu Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zheng-zhong Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiao-mei Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hong-yuan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yi-dong Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhu-zhi Lai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zhi-yong Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhi-yong Huang.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOC 608 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, L., Lin, Zz., Chen, Xm. et al. Molecularly imprinted polymers for extraction of malachite green from fish samples prior to its determination by HPLC. Microchim Acta 182, 1791–1796 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1513-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1513-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation