Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ultrasound-assisted headspace ionic-liquid microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We have developed a method for ultrasound-assisted ionic-liquid (IL) microextraction at elevated temperatures. A sealed pipette tip was used to hold the IL. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons naphthalene, acenaphthene and fluorene were headspace-extracted into a 30-μL volume of the IL at 60 °C. Cooling is not needed to control the temperature of the extraction solvent because it has almost zero vapor pressure. Following extraction, the analyte-loaded IL was submitted to HPLC with fluorescence detection. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (at S/N = 3) are 30, 30 and 10 ng L−1 for naphthalene, acenaphthene and fluorene, respectively. Recoveries range from 86 to 110 %, and the extraction efficiency is better than previous methods by a factor of ~40. The technique was applied to the analysis of semivolatile pollutants (PAHs) in real aqueous samples.

A new ultrasound-assisted headspace ionic liquid for a high temperature microextraction (UAHS- ILHTME) technique has been proposed. The schematic diagram of UAHS-ILME at elevated apparatus. (1) ultrasound water bath; (2) sample vial; (3) headspace phase; (4) rubber cover; (5) pipette tip; (6) extractant; (7) adiabatic baffle; (8) upper levels; (9) middle levels; (10) lower levels.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Salafranca J, Pezo D, Nerín C (2009) Assessment of specific migration to aqueous simulants of a new active food packaging containing essential oils by means of an automatic multiple dynamic hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction system. J Chrom A 1216:3731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jiang X, Basheer C, Zhang J, Lee HK (2005) Dynamic hollow fiber-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction. J Chrom A 1087:289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wu YL, Xia LB, Chen R, Hu B (2008) Headspace single drop microextraction combined with HPLC for the determination of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Talanta 74:470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Yan X, Yang C, Ren C, Li D (2008) Importance of extracting solvent vapor pressure in headspace liquid-phase microextraction. J Chrom A 1205:182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Heravi MJ, Sereshti H (2007) Determination of essential oil components of Artemisia haussknechtii Boiss. Using simultaneous hydrodistillation-static headspace liquid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Chrom A 1160:81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Vidal L, Domini CE, Grané N, Psillakis E, Canals A (2007) Microwave-assisted headspace single-drop microextration of chlorobenzenes from water samples. Anal Chim Acta 592:9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Han D, Row KH (2012) Trends in liquid-phase microextraction, and its application to environmental and biological samples. Microchim Acta 176:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Psillakis E, Kalogerakis N (2003) Developments in liquid-phase microextraction. Trends Anal Chem 22:565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi K, Kim SJ, Jin YG, Jang YO, Kim JS, Chung DS (2009) Single drop microextraction using commercial capillary electrophoresis instruments. Anal Chem 81:225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Xu H, Liao Y, Yao JR (2007) Development of a novel ultrasound-assisted headspace liquid-phase microextraction and its application to the analysis of chlorophenols in real aqueous samples. J Chrom A 1167:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu JF, Jiang GB, Chi YG, Cai YQ, Zhou QX, Hu JT (2003) Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal Chem 75:5870

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Peng JF, Liu JF, Jiang GB, Tai C, Huang MJ (2005) Ionic liquid for high temperature headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorinated anilines in environmental water samples. J Chrom A 1072:3

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ye CL, Zhou QX, Wang XM (2006) Headspace liquid-phase microextraction using ionic liquid as extractant for the preconcentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites at trace levels in water samples. Anal Chim Acta 572:165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pino V, Ayala JH, Afonso AM, González V (2000) Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments by high-performance liquid chromatography after microwave-assisted extraction with micellar media. J Chrom A 869:515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Qin ZP, Bragg L, Ouyang GF, Pawliszyn J (2008) Comparison of thin-film microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with controlled agitation conditions. J Chrom A 1196:89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pena MT, Casais MC, Mejuto MC, Cela R (2009) Development of an ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chrom A 1216:6356

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhou YY, Yan XP, Kim KN, Wang SW, Liu MG (2006) Exploration of coordination polymer as sorbent for flow injection solid-phase extraction on-line coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental materials. J Chrom A 1116:172

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cheng J, Matsadiq G, Liu L, Zhou YW, Chen G (2011) Development of a novel ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction method and its application to the analysis of eleven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at trace levels in water. J Chrom A 1218:2476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Yao C, Pitner WR, Anderson JL (2009) Ionic liquids containing the Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anion: a new class of highly selective and ultra hydrophobic solvents for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using single drop microextraction. Anal Chem 81:5054

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Okoturo OO, VanderNoot TJ (2004) Temperature dependence of viscosity for room temperature ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem 568:167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30971948) and the China Scholarship Council for scholarship (No. 2010677504).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China

    Jing Xiao, Jing Cheng, Feng Guo, Haili Hu, Sha Peng & Miao Zhang

  2. School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Min Cheng

Authors
  1. Jing Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jing Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Feng Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Haili Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sha Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Miao Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Min Cheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jing Cheng or Min Cheng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Xiao, J., Cheng, J., Guo, F. et al. Ultrasound-assisted headspace ionic-liquid microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at elevated temperatures. Microchim Acta 177, 465–471 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0806-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0806-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation