Abstract
Blasting tests on iron ore specimens with different stemming structures were carried out to quantify the internal fracture and damage characteristics of the specimens by means of computed tomography (CT) scanning, digital image processing and three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction techniques. The results showed that the blasting load produced radial and circumferential cracks in the iron ore, mainly along the blast hole. Using the fractal theory to analyze the damage characteristics of the samples, the stemmed structure under blasting load produced more fractures than the unstemmed structure, with a maximum increase of 33.6% in internal damage. As the stemming material changed from weak (yellow clay) to strong (fine sand), the fractal dimension of the specimen spatial tended to increase after blasting, and the degree of damage increased, with the stemming of fine sand increasing the maximum damage to the three-dimensional spatial by 12.1% compared to yellow clay stemming. This further suggested that the strength of the stemming material was positively correlated with the size of the damage to the specimen. The damage characteristics of the different layers of iron ore specimens (surface, stemmed section, charged section) were consistent with those of the 3D spatial as a whole, with the smallest difference in damage to the charged section and the larger difference in damage to the stemmed section. In practical blasting projects, the findings of this paper are used to make full use of the explosive energy using a reasonable stemming structure to achieve better breakage results for iron ore. The research result is of great significance to engineering practice.
Highlights
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The experimental study on the damage characteristics of iron ore (real rock collected in the field) under blasting load with different stemming structures was successfully carried out by using special devices and advanced technologies such as CT scanning, 3D digital image processing, and 3D model reconstruction, revealing the crack expansion and breakage distribution law of iron ore under blasting load, laying the theoretical foundation for improving the blasting efficiency of metal mines.
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The 3D spatial reconstruction structure and 3D damage evaluation of the specimen revealed that the 3D spatial damage of the structure without stemming was at most 33.6% lower than that of the stemming structure; when the stemming length was the same, the fractal dimension and damage degree of the strong stemming material was larger than that of the weak stemming material. The resistance of stemming can improve the utilization rate of the energy released by the explosives, and give full play to the effect of the successive superposition of the explosive blast stress wave and the blast-generated gas on the expansion of the internal rock fissures, which make the internal rock crushing more adequate and more favorable to the distribution of breakage.
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After blasting iron ore specimens with different stemming structures, the damage and destruction characteristics of the specimens at different levels (surface, stemmed section, charged section) and the 3D spatial structure as a whole were the same, showing a small difference in the degree of damage and destruction of the charged section and a large difference in the degree of damage and destruction of the stemmed section.
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Ma, X., Yang, G., Zuo, J. et al. Study on Failure Characteristics of Stemming Structure on Iron Ore Under Blasting Load. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55, 7837–7857 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03064-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03064-7