Abstract
Environmental temperature is one of the major factors to affect health and productivity of dairy cattle. Gene expression networks within the cells and tissues coordinate stress response, metabolism, and milk production in dairy cattle. Epigenetic DNA methylations were found to mediate the effect of environment by regulating gene expression patterns. In the present study, we compared three Indian native zebu cattle, Bos indicus (Sahiwal, Tharparkar, and Hariana) and one crossbred Bos indicus × Bos taurus (Vrindavani) for stress gene expression and differences in the DNA methylation patterns. The results indicated acute heat shock to cultured PBMC affected their proliferation, stress gene expression, and DNA methylation. Interestingly, expressions of HSP70, HSP90, and STIP1 were found more pronounced in zebu cattle than the crossbred cattle. However, no significant changes were observed in global DNA methylation due to acute heat shock, even though variations were observed in the expression patterns of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a) and demethylases (TET1, TET2, and TET3) genes. The treatment 5-AzaC (5-azacitidine) that inhibit DNA methylation in proliferating PBMC caused significant increase in heat shock-induced HSP70 and STIP1 expression indicating that hypomethylation facilitated stress gene expression. Further targeted analysis DNA methylation in the promoter regions revealed no significant differences for HSP70, HSP90, and STIP1. However, there was a significant hypomethylation for BDNF in both zebu and crossbred cattle. Similarly, NR3C1 promoter region showed hypomethylation alone in crossbred cattle. Overall, the results indicated that tropically adapted zebu cattle had comparatively higher expression of stress genes than the crossbred cattle. Furthermore, DNA methylation may play a role in regulating expression of certain genes involved in stress response pathways.
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Data other than those presented in the manuscript will be made available upon request to the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
Authors acknowledge the Director, ICAR-IVRI for extending the facilities to carry over the present work.
Funding
This work was supported by the SERB-DST, Gov’t of India, CRG Grant no: CRG/2019/005515.
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BS, GS, TD, and BPM designed the work. SM, MTA, OK, and GNT performed the experiments. RKG, SD, and PKG involved in analyzing the data. SM and MTA wrote the manuscript and BS and GS edited the final draft. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All the experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC) of Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI).
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Masroor, S., Aalam, M.T., Khan, O. et al. Effect of acute heat shock on stress gene expression and DNA methylation in zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos indicus × Bos taurus) dairy cattle. Int J Biometeorol 66, 1797–1809 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02320-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02320-3