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Characterizing plant trait(s) for improved heat tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) under subtropical climate

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Abstract

Field pea is highly sensitive to climatic vagaries, particularly high-temperature stress. The crop often experiences terminal heat stress in tropical climates indicating the need for the development of heat-tolerant cultivars. Characterization and identification of stress-adaptive plant traits are pre-requisites for breeding stress-tolerant/adaptive cultivar(s). In the study, a panel of 150 diverse field pea genotypes was tested under three different temperature environments (i.e., normal sowing time or non-heat stress environment (NSTE), 15 days after normal sowing time or heat stress environment-I (LSHTE-I), and 30 days after normal sowing time or heat stress environment-II (LSHTE-II)) to verify the effect of high-temperature environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on different plant traits and to elucidate their significance in heat stress adaptation/tolerance. The delayed sowing had exposed field pea crops to high temperatures during flowering stage by + 3.5 °C and + 8.1 °C in the LSHTE-I and LSHTE-II, respectively. Likewise, the maximum ambient temperature during the grain-filling period was + 3.3 °C and + 6.1 °C higher in the LSHTE-I and LSHTE-II over the NSTE. The grain yield loss with heat stress was 25.8 ± 2.2% in LSHTE-I, and 59.3 ± 1.5% in LSHTE-II compared to the NSTE. Exposure of crops to a high-temperature environment during the flowering stage had a higher impact on grain yield than the heat stress at the grain filling period. Results suggested that the reduced sink capacity (pod set (pod plant−1), seed set (seed pod−1)) was the primary cause of yield loss under the heat stress environments, while, under the NSTE, yield potential was mostly attributed to the source capacity (plant biomass). The high-temperature stress resulted in forced maturity as revealed by shrinkage in crop period (5–11%) and reproductive period (15–36%), prominently in long-duration genotypes. The failure of pod set in the upper nodes and higher ovule abortion (7–16%) was noticed under the high-temperature environments, particularly in the LSHTE-II. Multivariate analysis results revealed seed set, pods plant−1, last pod bearing node, and plant biomass as a critical yield determinant under the heat stress. The GGE biplot suggested that the genotypes G-112, G-114, and G-33 had higher potential to sustain yield coupled with higher stability across the environments and, thus, could serve as a source for breeding heat-tolerant high yielding cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India, for providing all necessary facilities to successfully conduct this research.

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  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India

    Ashok K. Parihar, Kali K. Hazra, Amrit Lamichaney, Girish P. Dixit, Anil K. Singh & Narendra P. Singh

  2. ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Deepak Singh

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  1. Ashok K. Parihar
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Parihar, A.K., Hazra, K.K., Lamichaney, A. et al. Characterizing plant trait(s) for improved heat tolerance in field pea (Pisum sativum L.) under subtropical climate. Int J Biometeorol 66, 1267–1281 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02275-5

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