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Paroxysmale Hemikranie und SUNCT

Paroxysmal hemicrania and SUNCT

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Zusammenfassung

Typisch für die paroxysmale Hemikranie sind Kopfschmerzattacken mit den gleichen Schmerzcharakteristika und Begleitsymptomen wie beim Clusterkopfschmerz. Sie halten jedoch kürzer an, sind viel häufiger, betreffen überwiegend Frauen und sprechen absolut zuverlässig auf Indometacin an. Die paroxysmale Hemikranie kann auch sekundär als Symptom einer fassbaren Ursache auftreten. Zum Ausschluss einer symptomatischen paroxysmalen Hemikranie ist eine sorgfältige Diagnostik erforderlich. Das SUNCT-Syndrom (SUNCT: „short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing“) ist durch einseitige, im Vergleich zu anderen trigeminoautonomen Kopfschmerzerkrankungen deutlich kürzere Schmerzattacken gekennzeichnet. In der Regel treten ipsilateral eine deutliche Lakrimation und konjunktivale Injektion auf. Es wurden Fälle mit sowohl Clusterkopfschmerz als auch Trigeminusneuralgie beschrieben. Um Schmerzfreiheit zu erreichen, ist eine auf die jeweilige Erkrankung spezifisch abgestimmte Therapie erforderlich.

Abstract

Paroxysmal hemicrania is experienced as headache attacks with pain and accompanying symptoms similar to those of cluster headaches. Attacks are, however of shorter duration, occur more frequently, affect predominantly women and respond reliably to indomethacin. Paroxysmal hemicrania can also occur secondary to an identifiable cause. To exclude symptomatic, paroxysmal hemicrania, especially with an atypical clinical picture and poor response to indomethacin, a careful diagnostic approach is necessary. The SUNCT syndrome (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing) is characterized by one-sided pain attacks of short duration, much shorter than other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. Classically, the pain is accompanied by ipsilateral lacrimation and conjunctival injection. Some patients have been described with both cluster headache and trigeminal neuralgia. These patients should receive both diagnoses. It is important to differentiate these headache entities as specific therapy is needed for each to achieve optimal pain relief.

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Göbel, H., Göbel, C. & Heinze, A. Paroxysmale Hemikranie und SUNCT . Schmerz 25, 689–701 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-011-1108-2

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