Abstract
This paper discusses some aspects of flood frequency analysis using the peaks-over-threshold model with Poisson arrivals and generalized Pareto (GP) distributed peak magnitudes under nonstationarity, using climate covariates. The discussion topics were motivated by a case study on the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on the flood regime in the Itajaí river basin, in Southern Brazil. The Niño3.4 (DJF) index is used as a covariate in nonstationary estimates of the Poisson and GP distributions scale parameters. Prior to the positing of parametric dependence functions, a preliminary data-driven analysis was carried out using nonparametric regression models to estimate the dependence of the parameters on the covariate. Model fits were evaluated using asymptotic likelihood ratio tests, AIC, and Q–Q plots. Results show statistically significant and complex dependence relationships with the covariate on both nonstationary parameters. The nonstationary flood hazard measure design life level (DLL) was used to compare the relative performances of stationary and nonstationary models in quantifying flood hazard over the period of records. Uncertainty analyses were carried out in every step of the application using the delta method.
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support to this research, provided by the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) through a scholarship for A.T. Silva (grant SFRH/BD/86522/2012), and by the Brazilian Council for the Development of Science and Technology (CNPq) through a grant for M. Naghettini (302382/2012-7). The authors also wish to thank Dr. Francesco Serinaldi (Newcastle University, UK) and an anonymous reviewer for their valuable and insightful comments.
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Silva, A.T., Naghettini, M. & Portela, M.M. On some aspects of peaks-over-threshold modeling of floods under nonstationarity using climate covariates. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 30, 207–224 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1072-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-015-1072-y