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Micropropagation of centennial tertiary relict trees of Liquidambar orientalis Miller through meristematic nodules produced by cultures of primordial shoots

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This paper provides an important micropropagation method that might be used for conservation and commercial production of tertiary relict tree Liquidambar orientalis.

Abstract

The Liquidambar orientalis Miller is an important tree as a tertiary relict endemic species in terms of plant biodiversity, and has economic value due to the balsam it produces. In the present study, an efficient micropropagation method was developed for the L. orientalis. Initially, primordial shoot explants isolated from axillary buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog and Woody Plant Medium (WPM) containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs). The highest number of shoots per explant was obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (shoot proliferation medium: SPM). These shoots were then subcultured continuously on SPM for a period of 18 months. Meristematic nodule clusters were formed at the base of the cultured shoots in SPM, where multiple shoots developed from them. The number of shoots per explant was increased approximately 2.8-fold by applying various strategies such as different explant type (single shoots and shoot clusters) and culture vessels (Glass Tube, 210-cc Glass culture jar, 400-cc Glass culture jar, and Vitro Vent®). Shoot clusters cultured in ventilated Vitro Vent® vessels on SPM gave best result for shoot propagation. In vitro shoots rooted best on WPM containing 30 g/L sucrose, 120 mg/L ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate ferric (Fe-EDDHA) and 4.0 mg/L IBA. All plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a glasshouse and then plants were transferred to the field. This methodology has been adapted by a commercial producer.

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Abbreviations

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

IAA:

Indoleacetic acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

WPM:

Woody Plant Medium

PGR(s):

Plant growth regulator(s)

SPM:

Shoot proliferation medium

Fe-EDDHA:

Ethylenediamine di-2-hydroxyphenyl acetate ferric

GT:

Glass tube

210-GCJ:

210-cc Glass culture jar

400-GCJ:

400-cc Glass culture jar

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Author contribution statement

Dr. Meltem Bayraktar made all experiments, statistical analysis and tables and wrote this paper. Dr. Sadiye Hayta established initial experiments, reviewed and edited manuscript. Dr. Salih Parlak collected the plant material. Prof. Dr. Aynur Gurel supervised the investigation and edited and reviewed this manuscript.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Mark Smedley for critically reviewing the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Department, Graduate School of Nature and Applied Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Meltem Bayraktar

  2. Genetic and Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kirsehir, Turkey

    Meltem Bayraktar

  3. Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey

    Sadiye Hayta & Aynur Gurel

  4. Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Ege Forestry Research Institute, 35515, Urla, Izmir, Turkey

    Salih Parlak

Authors
  1. Meltem Bayraktar
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  2. Sadiye Hayta
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  3. Salih Parlak
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  4. Aynur Gurel
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Correspondence to Meltem Bayraktar.

Additional information

Communicated by K. Klimaszewska.

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Bayraktar, M., Hayta, S., Parlak, S. et al. Micropropagation of centennial tertiary relict trees of Liquidambar orientalis Miller through meristematic nodules produced by cultures of primordial shoots. Trees 29, 999–1009 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1179-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1179-2

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