Abstract
Background
The validity of current animal colon cancer models is questionable. This study was performed to evaluate whether colonoscopic injection of a murine colon cancer cell line into the cecal wall of immunocompetent rats leads to a solid tumor.
Methods
A bolus of bowel prep was given to BD-IX rats. Anesthesia was injected intraperitoneally. Video fiberscope allowed for irrigation and suction. Failure was inability to reach/inject cecum. Procedure was performed by four surgeons; 100 μl of colon tumor cell suspension (DHD/K12TRb; 10 million cells in 0.1 ml) was injected into cecal wall with 23-gauge needle placed on 3 mm wire resulting in a blister. Rats were allowed to recover. Solid tumor growth was measured at scheduled necropsy at 4 weeks. Sample size (107 rats: type I error 0.05; power 80%) was based on a pilot study. Data were presented as median (range).
Results
A total of 107 male BD-IX retired breeders weighing 356 g (range 256–432 g) underwent colonoscopy with submucosal injection of cecal wall. A single solid cecal cancer was identified in 98 (91.5%) rats at scheduled necropsy. Histology confirmed adenocarcinoma with tumor size of 4 mm (range 2.6–8.4 mm). Peritoneal carcinomatosis was found in ten (9.3%) rats. Distant metastases were found in three (2.8%) rats. Complications occurred in four (3.8%) rats: two aspirations and two colon perforations.
Conclusions
A solid cecal tumor without carcinomatosis or metastasis has been developed by colonoscopic injection of a rat colon cancer cell line in 79% of immunocompetent rats.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Tibetha Santucci, RN, for data collection, Mark Torpey for technical assistance with animal husbandry, and Agnese Pollice, MSN, for technical assistance with the cancer cell line.
Disclosures
Joshua R. Karas, Rahila Essani, Christopher Haughn, Miroslav Uchal, Muath M. Bishawi, and Roberto Bergamaschi have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
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Karas, J.R., Essani, R., Haughn, C. et al. Colonoscopic injection for murine solid cecal cancer model. Surg Endosc 25, 2956–2959 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1651-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-011-1651-z