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Sip-Sizing Behaviors in Natural Drinking Conditions Compared to Instructed Experimental Conditions

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Abstract

To understand disordered physiology, it is first necessary to determine what constitutes normal function. Liquid sip size during swallowing in healthy individuals has been investigated with varied results. Bolus size is a variable that is manipulated in both research studies and clinical swallowing assessments, so defining normal sip size has relevance in both domains. This study looked at sip size under instruction in experimental tasks and compared it to sip size in free drinking while participants were unaware that drinking was being observed. A statistically significant difference was found in water sip volume between natural drinking (mean = 16 ml) and instructed experimental drinking tasks (mean = 6.6–6.8 ml). This difference far exceeded the magnitude of sip-size variation observed between instructed drinking tasks using different stimuli and as a function of participant’s gender or age group.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grants IAO-69521 and MOP-644200) and the Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, and, in part, from the Canada Research Chairs Program. Equipment and space have been funded with grants from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Province of Ontario. The authors acknowledge the support of Toronto Rehabilitation Institute which receives funding under the Provincial Rehabilitation Research Program from the Ministry of Health and Long-term Care in Ontario. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the ministry. In addition, the authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Aravind Namasivayam, Mitsuko Takeuchi, and Heidi Diepstra with data collection and analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swallowing Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, 550 University Avenue, Room 12030, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2A2

    Janice W. Bennett, Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout & Catriona M. Steele

  2. St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, M6R 1B5

    Janice W. Bennett

  3. Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1V7

    Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout & Catriona M. Steele

  4. Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada, L5L 1C6

    Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout

  5. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3G9

    Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout

  6. Canada Research Chair, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1P 6G4

    Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout

  7. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Cathy A. Pelletier

  8. Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator in Aging, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0W9

    Catriona M. Steele

  9. Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, ON, Canada, M4G 1R8

    Catriona M. Steele

Authors
  1. Janice W. Bennett
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  2. Pascal H. H. M. Van Lieshout
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  3. Cathy A. Pelletier
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  4. Catriona M. Steele
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Catriona M. Steele.

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Bennett, J.W., Van Lieshout, P.H.H.M., Pelletier, C.A. et al. Sip-Sizing Behaviors in Natural Drinking Conditions Compared to Instructed Experimental Conditions. Dysphagia 24, 152–158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9183-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-008-9183-y

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