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Molecular identification of Echinococcus species from eastern and southern Qinghai, China, based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene

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Abstract

The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP, in western China), which is the largest and highest plateau on Earth, is a highly epidemic region for Echinococcus spp. We collected 70 Echinococcus samples from humans, dogs, sheep, yaks, plateau pikas, and voles in eastern and southern Qinghai and genotyped them using the mitochondrial DNA marker cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene and maximum parsimony and Bayesian reconstruction methods. Based on the 792-bp sequence matrix, we recorded 124 variable sites, of which, 115 were parsimony-informative. Thirty-four haplotypes (H1–H34) were detected, of which H1–H15, H16–H17, and H18–H34 belonged to Echinococcus shiquicus, Echinococcus multilocularis, and Echinococcus granulosus, respectively. Within 26 human isolates, three were identified as E. multilocularis and 23 were E. granulosus. We also detected a dual infection case in a dog with E. multilocularis and E. granulosus. The intraspecific haplotype (Hd ± SD) and nucleotide (Nd ± SD) diversity of E. shiquicus (0.947 ± 0.021; 0.00441 ± 0.00062) was higher than that for E. granulosus (0.896 ± 0.038; 0.00221 ± 0.00031) and E. multilocularis (0.286 ± 0.196; 0.00036 ± 0.00025). Moreover, the haplotype network of E. shiquicus showed a radial feature rather than a divergent feature in a previous study, indicating this species in the QTP has also evolved with bottleneck effects.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Qinghai Province (2010-Z-742), the General Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 31101628), the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences to G. Lin (2011–2013), and the Asia/Africa Scientific Platform Fund from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to A. Ito (2006–2011).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China

    Junying Ma, Hu Wang, Xiumin Han, Xiao Ma, Jingxiao Zhang, Yufang Liu, Yanmei Zhao & Yongshun Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China

    Gonghua Lin, Zhenyuan Cai & Tongzuo Zhang

  3. Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, UK

    Philip S. Craig

  4. Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan

    Akira Ito

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  1. Junying Ma
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  2. Hu Wang
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  3. Gonghua Lin
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  4. Philip S. Craig
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  6. Zhenyuan Cai
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  9. Xiao Ma
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  10. Jingxiao Zhang
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  11. Yufang Liu
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  12. Yanmei Zhao
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  13. Yongshun Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gonghua Lin.

Additional information

Junying Ma, Hu Wang, Philip S. Craig, and Akira Ito contributed equally to this article.

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Ma, J., Wang, H., Lin, G. et al. Molecular identification of Echinococcus species from eastern and southern Qinghai, China, based on the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Parasitol Res 111, 179–184 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2815-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-2815-z

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