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Relative contributions of PGR5- and NDH-dependent photosystem I cyclic electron flow in the generation of a proton gradient in Arabidopsis chloroplasts

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Abstract

Main conclusion

Respective contributions of PGR5- and NDH-dependent cyclic electron flows around photosystem I for generating the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane are ~30 and ~5%.

The proton concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) produced by photosynthetic electron transport is the driving force of ATP synthesis and non-photochemical quenching. Two types of electron transfer contribute to ΔpH formation: linear electron flow (LEF) and cyclic electron flow (CEF, divided into PGR5- and NDH-dependent pathways). However, the respective contributions of LEF and CEF to ΔpH formation are largely unknown. We employed fluorescence quenching analysis with the pH indicator 9-aminoacridine to directly monitor ΔpH formation in isolated chloroplasts of Arabidopsis mutants lacking PGR5- and/or NDH-dependent CEF. The results indicate that ΔpH formation is mostly due to LEF, with the contributions of PGR5- and NDH-dependent CEF estimated as only ~30 and ~5%, respectively.

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Abbreviations

CEF:

Cyclic electron flow

ΔpH:

Proton concentration gradient across the inside and outside of the thylakoid membrane

Δψ:

Membrane potential

LEF:

Linear electron flow

NDH:

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

PGR5:

Proton gradient regulation 5

PMF:

Proton motive force

PSI:

Photosystem I

PSII:

Photosystem II

9-AA:

9-Aminoacridine

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Toshiharu Shikanai at Kyoto University for providing mutant seeds. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, KAKENHI (17H05719, 16K14694 and 16H03280) to SM.

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Author notes

  1. Ryoichi Sato

    Present address: Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Rinya Kawashima, Ryoichi Sato & Kyohei Harada

  2. Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Shinji Masuda

  3. Earth-life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Shinji Masuda

Authors
  1. Rinya Kawashima
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  2. Ryoichi Sato
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  3. Kyohei Harada
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  4. Shinji Masuda
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shinji Masuda.

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Kawashima, R., Sato, R., Harada, K. et al. Relative contributions of PGR5- and NDH-dependent photosystem I cyclic electron flow in the generation of a proton gradient in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. Planta 246, 1045–1050 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2761-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2761-1

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