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Thallus morphology and optical characteristics affect growth and DNA damage by UV radiation in juvenile Arctic Laminaria sporophytes

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Abstract

Growth of young sporophytes of the brown algae Laminaria digitata, L. saccharina and L. solidungula from Spitsbergen were measured in the laboratory after being exposed for 21 days to either photosynthetically active radiation (PAR=P) or to full light spectrum (PAR + UV-A + UV-B=PAB) using of cutoff glass filters. The plants were grown at 8±2°C and 16 h light : 8 h dark cycles with 6 h additional ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure in the middle of the light period. Growth was measured every 10 min using growth chambers with online video measuring technique. Tissue morphology and absorption spectra were measured in untreated young sporophytes while chlorophyll (Chl) a content and DNA damage were measured in treated thalli at the end of the experiment. In all species, growth rates were significantly higher in sporophytes exposed to P alone compared to sporophytes exposed to PAB. Tissue DNA damage is dependent on thallus thickness and absorption spectra characteristics of pigments and UV-absorbing compounds. In sporophytes exposed to UVR, energy demands for repair of DNA damage and synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds for protection effectively diverts photosynthate at the expense of growth. Photosynthetic pigment was not significantly different between treatments suggesting a capacity for acclimation to moderate UVR fluence. The general growth pattern in sporophytes exposed to P alone showed an increasing growth rate from the onset of light (0500–0900 hours) to a peak at the middle of the light phase (0900–1500 hours), a decline towards the end of the light phase (1500–2100 hours) and a minimum “low” growth in the dark (2100–0500 hours) relative to growth during the entire light phase. Under PAB, different growth patterns were observed such as growth compensation at night in L. digitata, delayed growth recovery in L. saccharina and minimal but continuous growth in L. solidungula. Growth as an integrative parameter of all physiological processes showed that the effect of UVR is correlated to the depth distribution of these species.

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Abbreviations

PAR:

Photosynthetically active radiation

UV-A:

Ultraviolet-A

UV-B:

Ultraviolet-B

UVR:

UV radiation

P:

PAR

PAB:

PAR + UV-A + UV-B

PFD:

Photon flux density

Chl:

Chlorophyll

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Acknowledgements

MY Roleda is supported by a scholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). We thank the diving team of Spitsbergen 2004 campaign for collecting field materials and C Daniel for pigment analysis. This is publication awi-n 15194 of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27498, Helgoland, Germany

    Michael Y. Roleda

  2. Biology Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, 1004, Manila, Philippines

    Michael Y. Roleda

  3. Foundation Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Christian Wiencke

  4. Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorst-Str. 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany

    Dieter Hanelt

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  1. Michael Y. Roleda
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  2. Christian Wiencke
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Correspondence to Michael Y. Roleda.

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Roleda, M.Y., Wiencke, C. & Hanelt, D. Thallus morphology and optical characteristics affect growth and DNA damage by UV radiation in juvenile Arctic Laminaria sporophytes. Planta 223, 407–417 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-0092-0

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