Abstract
Purpose
We examined the effect of muscle stretching on the ability to produce rapid torque and the mechanisms underpinning the changes.
Methods
Eighteen men performed three conditions: (1) continuous stretch (1 set of 5 min), (2) intermittent stretch (5 sets of 1 min with 15-s inter-stretch interval), and (3) control. Isometric plantar flexor rate of torque development was measured during explosive maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) in the intervals 0–100 ms (RTDV100) and 0–200 ms (RTDV200), and in electrically evoked 0.5-s tetanic contractions (20 Hz, 20 Hz preceded by a doublet and 80 Hz). The rate of EMG rise, electromechanical delay during MVC (EMDV) and during a single twitch contraction (EMDtwitch) were assessed.
Results
RTDV200 was decreased (P < 0.05) immediately after continuous (− 15%) and intermittent stretch (− 30%) with no differences between protocols. The rate of torque development during tetanic stimulations was reduced (P < 0.05) immediately after continuous (− 8%) and intermittent stretch (− 10%), when averaged across stimulation frequencies. Lateral gastrocnemius rate of EMG rise was reduced after intermittent stretch (− 27%), and changes in triceps surae rate of EMG rise were correlated with changes in RTDV200 after both continuous (r = 0.64) and intermittent stretch (r = 0.65). EMDV increased immediately (31%) and 15 min (17%) after intermittent stretch and was correlated with changes in RTDV200 (r = − 0.56). EMDtwitch increased immediately after continuous (4%), and immediately (5.4%), 15 min (6.3%), and 30 min after (6.4%) intermittent stretch (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Reductions in the rate of torque development immediately after stretching were associated with both neural and mechanical mechanisms.
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Abbreviations
- ANOVA:
-
Analysis of variance
- CI:
-
Confidence interval
- EMD:
-
Electromechanical delay
- EMDtwitch :
-
Electromechanical delay during the electrically evoked twitch
- EMDV :
-
Electromechanical delay during voluntary contraction
- EMG:
-
Electromyogram
- LG:
-
Lateral gastrocnemius
- M max :
-
Maximal compound action potential amplitude
- MVC:
-
Maximal voluntary contraction
- PICs:
-
Persistent inward currents
- RER:
-
Rate of electromyogram rise
- RFD:
-
Rate of force development
- RTD:
-
Rate of torque development
- RTDI :
-
Involuntary rate of torque development
- RTDV :
-
Voluntary rate of torque development
- SOL:
-
Soleus
- VFT:
-
Variable-frequency train of stimulation
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GST and AJB conceived and designed the study. GST and LS conducted the experiments. GST analyzed the data, and drafted the first version of the manuscript. GST, LB, KN, and AJB critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by Olivier Seynnes.
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Trajano, G.S., Seitz, L.B., Nosaka, K. et al. Passive muscle stretching impairs rapid force production and neuromuscular function in human plantar flexors. Eur J Appl Physiol 119, 2673–2684 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04244-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04244-0