Abstract
DNA profiling of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STR) has exceptional value in criminal investigations, especially for complex kinship and incest cases. In this study, Investigator® Argus X-12 Quality Sensor (QS) kits were successfully used to characterize 12 X-STR loci in 199 unrelated healthy Kedayan individuals living in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. The LG1 haplogroup (DXS8378 – DXS10135 – DXS10148) has the largest HD (0.9799) as compared with all other closely linked haplotype groups examined (LG2; DXS7132-DXS10074-DXS10079, LG3; DXS10103-DXS10101-HPRTB and LG4; DXS10134-DXS7423-DXS10146). Data from statistical analysis showed that high combined of PDM, PDF, MEC_Krüger, MEC_Kishida, MEC_Desmarais, and MEC_Desmarais_duo values (0.999999994405922, 0.99999999999999, 0.999990463834938, 0.999999975914808, 0.999999975985006, and 0.999996491927194, respectively) in the Kedayan. In a two-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot and dendrogram constructed using allele frequencies at the 12 X-STR loci, Kedayan appear to be most closely related to their other Austronesian populations including the Malays and Filipinos as compared with other reference population groups. Findings from the present study thus demonstrate high genetic variability across the 12 tested X-STR loci and can be used for population studies and forensic applications.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Royal Malaysia Police for providing facilities for this research project. We also wish to take this opportunity to express our appreciation to Persatuan Kedayan-Paadian Sabah for arranging sampling sessions in Sabah and Sarawak.
Funding
This research work was financially supported by Bridging Grant (304/PTEKIND/6316501) and Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (203/PPSK/6171258) awarded by Universiti Sains Malaysia and Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia. Geoffrey K. Chambers thanks Victoria University of Wellington for providing Alumnus Scholar support.
This work was approved by the Human Ethics Committee, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/15100366). Analytical steps were carried out according to the Royal Malaysia Police DNA Databank Laboratory Internal Control Standards.
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Hakim, H.M., Khan, H.O., Ismail, S.A. et al. Population data and genetic characteristics of 12 X-STR loci using the Investigator® Argus X-12 Quality Sensor kit for the Kedayan population of Borneo in Malaysia. Int J Legal Med 135, 1433–1435 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02577-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02577-0