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Hypersaline fluids generated by high-grade metamorphism of evaporites: fluid inclusion study of uranium occurrences in the Western Zambian Copperbelt

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Abstract

In the Pan-African Lufilian belt (Western Zambian Copperbelt), uranium mineralizations, preferentially scattered in kyanite ± talc micaschists (metamorphosed evaporitic sediments) or concentrated along transposed quartz veins provide an opportunity to (1) understand the time/space relationship between the ore minerals and the deformation of the host rocks, (2) identify the different fluid events associated with specific stages of quartz deformation and (3) characterize the ore fluid geochemistry in terms of fluid origin and fluid/rock interactions. In the U occurrences studied in Lolwa and Mitukuluku (Domes region, Western Zambian Copperbelt), two mineralizing stages are described. The first generation of ore fluids (53–59 wt% CaCl2, 13–15 wt% NaCl; N2–H2 in the gas phase of fluid inclusions) circulated during the high-temperature quartz recrystallization, at 500–700 °C. This temperature is in agreement with the P–T conditions recorded during the crustal thickening related to continental collision at ca. 530 Ma. LA-ICPMS analyses show the presence of uranium within this fluid, with a concentration mode around 20 ppm. The second generation of ore fluid (21–32 wt% NaCl, 19–21 wt% CaCl2; CO2–CO in the gas phase of fluid inclusions) percolated at lower temperature conditions, at the brittle–ductile transition, between 200 and 300 °C. This temperature could be related to the exhumation of the high-grade metamorphic rocks at ca. 500 Ma. The formation of H2 and CO is interpreted as the result of radiolysis in the presence of dissolved uranium in the aqueous phase of these fluid inclusions. Finally, a late fluid (14–16 wt% NaClequiv) circulated in the brittle domain but seems unrelated to U (re-)mobilization event.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank CNRS (NEEDS) and AREVA for financial support. AREVA is also thanked for providing the samples. The authors are grateful to Sandrine Mathieu, Olivier Rouer, Marie-Camille Caumon (GeoRessources, Nancy) and Romain Dalleu (Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Géologie, Nancy) for technical support in providing analytical data on SEM, EMP, Raman spectroscopy and microthermometry, respectively. We would also like to acknowledge the stimulating discussions with Matthew Steele-MacInnis and Michel Cuney. The authors are grateful to Maurice Pagel and two anonymous journal reviewers for their helpful comments and to Jacques Touret for editorial advice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR GeoRessources 7359, CNRS-CREGU, Université de Lorraine, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France

    Aurélien Eglinger, Clément Ferraina, Alexandre Tarantola, Anne-Sylvie André-Mayer, Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Marie-Christine Boiron, Jean Dubessy & Antonin Richard

  2. AREVA, BU Mines, Paris, France

    Marc Brouand

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  1. Aurélien Eglinger
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  2. Clément Ferraina
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Correspondence to Aurélien Eglinger.

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Communicated by J. L. R. Touret.

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Eglinger, A., Ferraina, C., Tarantola, A. et al. Hypersaline fluids generated by high-grade metamorphism of evaporites: fluid inclusion study of uranium occurrences in the Western Zambian Copperbelt. Contrib Mineral Petrol 167, 967 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-0967-9

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